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221.
Erika Rost Jörn Sonnenburg Ralf Hanatschek Karsten Heinz Philippe Barré Radovan Fuchs Adriana Gjonaj Florian Gruber Slobodanka Koprivica Slavi Krušic Peter Mayr Iulia Mihail Husein Panjeta Nikos Sidiropoulos Viktor Stefov Anneliese Stoklaska Sándor Szigeti Jean-Luc Teffo Ivan Videnovic Albena Vutsova Dagmar Simon Hildegard Matthies 《Transition Studies Review》2007,14(2):205-261
222.
Antoine Dany Emmanuelle Dantony Mad-Hélénie Elsensohn Emmanuel Villar Cécile Couchoud 《Journal of applied statistics》2015,42(6):1278-1290
Multi-state models help predict future numbers of patients requiring specific treatments but these models require exhaustive incidence data. Deriving reliable predictions from repeated-prevalence data would be helpful. A new method to model the number of patients that switch between therapeutic modalities using repeated-prevalence data is presented and illustrated. The parameters and goodness of fit obtained with the new method and repeated-prevalence data were compared to those obtained with the classical method and incidence data. The multi-state model parameters’ confidence intervals obtained with annually collected repeated-prevalence data were wider than those obtained with incidence data and six out of nine pairs of confidence intervals did not overlap. However, most parameters were of the same order of magnitude and the predicted patient distributions among various renal replacement therapies were similar regardless of the type of data used. In the absence of incidence data, a multi-state model can still be successfully built with annually collected repeated-prevalence data to predict the numbers of patients requiring specific treatments. This modeling technique can be extended to other chronic diseases. 相似文献
223.
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) and free disposal hull (FDH) estimators are widely used to estimate efficiency of production. Practitioners use DEA estimators far more frequently than FDH estimators, implicitly assuming that production sets are convex. Moreover, use of the constant returns to scale (CRS) version of the DEA estimator requires an assumption of CRS. Although bootstrap methods have been developed for making inference about the efficiencies of individual units, until now no methods exist for making consistent inference about differences in mean efficiency across groups of producers or for testing hypotheses about model structure such as returns to scale or convexity of the production set. We use central limit theorem results from our previous work to develop additional theoretical results permitting consistent tests of model structure and provide Monte Carlo evidence on the performance of the tests in terms of size and power. In addition, the variable returns to scale version of the DEA estimator is proved to attain the faster convergence rate of the CRS-DEA estimator under CRS. Using a sample of U.S. commercial banks, we test and reject convexity of the production set, calling into question results from numerous banking studies that have imposed convexity assumptions. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. 相似文献
224.
Some of the possible determinants of changes observed in welfare caseloads are analysed in this study. The paper attempts
to explain variations in welfare caseloads on the basis of four different factors: macroeconomic conditions, interactions
with other income maintenance programmes, changes in the programme's parameters and changes in the demographic structure.
Different models are tested by applying time series techniques. The data employed are of an administrative nature and cover
the whole period that the Madrid programme has been in operation. The results show that the effects of both unemployment and
institutional variables are strong and significant. Macroeconomic effects on caseloads could be offset or reinforced by changes
in unemployment protection and reforms of the programme's parameters. The significant effects found for the share of lone-parent
applicants also show that demographic shifts could shape the trends of welfare rolls regardless of the changes in unemployment
or the implementation of institutional reforms.
The authors would like to thank Juan Gabriel Rodríguez, Minoru Kunizaki, Miguel Angel Malo and three anonymous referees for
their comments and suggestions. Financial and technical support from the Spanish Institute for Fiscal Studies, the Inter-ministerial
Commission on Science and Technology (SEC 2001-0746) and the Social Services Department of the Madrid Government is also gratefully
acknowledged.
Responsible editor: Christian Dustmann. 相似文献
225.
Félix Neto 《Social indicators research》1995,35(1):93-116
As a part of a comprehensive study of the psychological acculturation of Portuguese youth born in France, this paper examines the relationship between satisfaction with life and some psychosocial variables. The sample consisted of 519 Portuguese youth resident in Paris (47% were male and 53% female). The following instruments were administered to all subjects: the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the Acculturative Attitudes Scales, the Social Anxiety Scale, two brief measures of (a) loneliness and (b) locus of control as well as a background inventory. As expected no gender differences were found, but there were significant effects on satisfaction with life related to religion, participation in an association, number of Portuguese friends and ethnic identity. Expressed satisfaction with life showed significant negative correlations with perceived difficulties of adaptation, marginalization, social anxiety, and loneliness; and positive correlations with integration and locus of control. Multiple regression analysis used to determine the significant predictor variables of satisfaction with life indicated that the strongest predictors were loneliness and perceived state of health. 相似文献
226.
227.
Félix Ortega 《International Review of Sociology》2004,14(2):209-221
228.
229.
Arnie Berckmans Françoise Thys-Clément Denise Van Regemorter Jozef Vuchelen 《Journal of Policy Modeling》1984,6(1):45-67
This article analyzes the effects of debt management and its consequence for the control of base money in a small open economy (Belgium). The study compares the effects obtained from a small theoretical model with the results of a larger empirical model.The theoretical model focuses on the financing of government by money operation, on the bond rate, and on the international reserve of the Central Bank.The empirical model is a medium-term one, including the demand and the supply sectors of the economy and permitting simultaneous analysis of real and financial variables.The effects of an endogeneous or exogenous debt management have been studied by numerical simulation of modification in the public expenditure, the world trade, and the discount rate. 相似文献
230.