我国燃油税改革的福利分析

经过多年的探索，我国于2008年12月19日由国家发改委出台燃油税改革方案。这一方案将对我国的汽车、石油、运输等多个行业和普通消费者产生巨大影响。本文通过探究燃油税产生的背景，对比中外相关燃油税的政策，并根据燃油税改革的方案从定量和定性两个方面分析燃油税改革的福利效果，最后提出其优势和不足。     

Public Assistance Eligibility and the Well-Being of Poor People in China

ABSTRACT

This study adopted content analysis to examine policy papers concerning the eligibility requirements of the Minimum Living Standard Scheme (MLSS) in China's 31 capital cities. It was found that local officials not only assess applicants’ assets and incomes, but also their living space, quality of home decoration, possession of luxury goods, leisure activities, and behavior. The local governments’ use of a lifestyle assessment approach is caused by financial constraints and the lack of an effective mechanism to check applicants’ incomes. The lifestyle approach leads to regional inequalities in accessing public assistance, because some of the terms, which define the quality of life, are too ambiguous. The lifestyle approach, which requires applicants to live in very poor living conditions and also demonstrate their hardship to local officials, will be a barrier preventing poor people from being integrated into their communities. This study suggests that the key words and terms in the policy documents need to be clearly explained and similar criteria should also be adopted across different regions. It also proposes that the gap between MLSS eligibility criteria in the policy papers and their actual implementation requires further study in order to understand the impact of special local factors and the quality of life of poor people in China.     

Approximations to Optimal k‐Unit Cycles for Single‐Gripper and Dual‐Gripper Robotic Cells

We consider the problem of scheduling operations in bufferless robotic cells that produce identical parts using either single‐gripper or dual‐gripper robots. The objective is to find a cyclic sequence of robot moves that minimizes the long‐run average time to produce a part or, equivalently, maximizes the throughput. Obtaining an efficient algorithm for an optimum k‐unit cyclic solution (k ≥ 1) has been a longstanding open problem. For both single‐gripper and dual‐gripper cells, the approximation algorithms in this paper provide the best‐known performance guarantees (obtainable in polynomial time) for an optimal cyclic solution. We provide two algorithms that have a running time linear in the number of machines: for single‐gripper cells (respectively, dual‐gripper cells), the performance guarantee is 9/7 (respectively, 3/2). The domain considered is free‐pickup cells with constant intermachine travel time. Our structural analysis is an important step toward resolving the complexity status of finding an optimal cyclic solution in either a single‐gripper or a dual‐gripper cell. We also identify optimal cyclic solutions for a variety of special cases. Our analysis provides production managers valuable insights into the schedules that maximize productivity for both single‐gripper and dual‐gripper cells for any combination of processing requirements and physical parameters.     

明清时期徽州涉林契约文书初探

徽州文书是研究徽州社会历史重要的、直接的文献。徽州地区多山少田,自古以来林业资源丰富。明清时期,这一地区的林业生产和林业贸易等活动更加活跃,这些林事活动在明清时期徽州的契约文书中都有所反映。对明清时期徽州契约文书做简单分类,对涉及到林业的部分代表性契约文书进行初步分析,借此对从文献角度研究我国林业史以及林业区域史提供一点启发。     

农业市场化条件下农产品地理标志保护的困境与出路

在分析农业市场化与农产品地理标志保护之目标契合的基础上,探讨了农业市场化条件下农产品地理标志保护之困境及其出路。分析认为,目前国内农产品地理标志保护的困境在于多重保护模式下地名商标和农产品地理标志冲突严重,因而采取专门法保护的模式有利于使农产品地理标志得到更完备的保护,以促进农业发展、农民增收。     

生态女性主义与观世音

生态女性主义一词由法国学者迪邦娜（Franqoised’Eaubonne）在1974年所创,它结合了女性主义与生态运动的反思。生态女性主义虽然在西方已流行了30年,但是在华文世界中仍缺乏专著和较深入的讨论。电子女性主义（cyberfeminism）者哈乐葳（DonnaHaraway）提出以有机机械人（cyborg）作为未来女性主义的象征,女性主义者若需要启发的话,应该向前看,从科技和有机机械人的形象寻找启示,而非回到古老的属灵生态女性主义（SpiritualEcofeminism）。虽然两种女性主义看似大相径庭,但电子女性主义可以帮助生态女性主义走出自然／文化、人类／动物,甚至是男性／女性的二元思想。较哈乐葳的有机机械人和西方神话的女神,中国化的观世音更加适合作为生态女性主义的象征。从观世音出发可以发现,法国哲学家德勒兹（Gilles Deleuze）的转化生成与生态伦理具有密切关系。     

On E(s)-optimal supersaturated designs

A popular measure to assess 2-level supersaturated designs is the E(s²)$E(s^2)$ criterion. In this paper, improved lower bounds on E(s²)$E(s^2)$ are obtained. The same improvement has recently been established by Ryan and Bulutoglu [2007. E(s²)$E(s^2)$-optimal supersaturated designs with good minimax properties. J. Statist. Plann. Inference 137, 2250–2262]. However, our analysis provides more details on precisely when an improvement is possible, which is lacking in Ryan and Bulutoglu [2007. E(s²)$E(s^2)$-optimal supersaturated designs with good minimax properties. J. Statist. Plann. Inference 137, 2250–2262]. The equivalence of the bounds obtained by Butler et al. [2001. A general method of constructing E(s²)$E(s^2)$-optimal supersaturated designs. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. B 63, 621–632] (in the cases where their result applies) and those obtained by Bulutoglu and Cheng [2004. Construction of E(s²)$E(s^2)$-optimal supersaturated designs. Ann. Statist. 32, 1662–1678] is established. We also give two simple methods of constructing E(s²)$E(s^2)$-optimal designs.     

Death preparation and anxiety: a survey in Hong Kong

This study reports the results of a survey on death preparation, death-related beliefs, and death anxiety in a Hong Kong sample. Respondents (N = 285) recruited from the community were asked if they have prepared for themselves a life insurance, a will, and a resting place (e.g. burial site, columbarium, etc.). Questions about their death-related cultural beliefs and anxiety were also asked. Results indicated that respondents who have thought of preparing for their own deaths but not yet acted out (contemplators) held stronger traditional cultural beliefs about death than respondents who have either done the preparations (planners) or never thought of the idea (non-contemplators). Contemplators also reported higher death anxiety. Despite limitations of the study's design, the current results suggest the beliefs in cultural taboo may play a role in the preparation for one's death.     

Construction of the nearest neighbor embracing graph of a point set

This paper gives optimal algorithms for the construction of the Nearest Neighbor Embracing Graph (NNE-graph) of a given point set V of size n in the k-dimensional space (k-D) for k = 2,3. The NNE-graph provides another way of connecting points in a communication network, which has lower expected degree at each point and shorter total length of connections with respect to those using Delaunay triangulation. In fact, the NNE-graph can also be used as a tool to test whether a point set is randomly generated or has some particular properties. We show that in 2-D the NNE-graph can be constructed in optimal time in the worst case. We also present an time algorithm, where d is the -th largest degree in the utput NNE-graph. The algorithm is optimal when . The algorithm is also sensitive to the structure of the NNE-graph, for instance when , the number of edges in NNE-graph is bounded by for any value g with . We finally propose an time algorithm for the problem in 3-D, where d and are the -th largest vertex degree and the largest vertex degree in the NNE-graph, respectively. The algorithm is optimal when the largest vertex degree of the NNE-graph is .     

Correlates of wife assault in Hong Kong Chinese families

The objective of this study was the risk factors of wife assault in Hong Kong Chinese families. The sample included 107 battered women from a refuge for battered women. Factor analysis revealed risk factors like dominance, stress, poor anger management, aggressive personality, conflict, lack of empathy, masculine gender role stress, sense of insecurity, relationship distress, and violent socialization. Correlation analysis indicated that dominance, spousal conflict, and sense of insecurity increase the likelihood of carrying out minor physical assault and using psychological aggression, while aggressive personality predicts severe physical assault and injury. The risk factors were explained in terms of traditional Chinese concepts of gender role expectations of men and women and face orientations. The present study provides some evidence relating to the risk factors of wife assault in Chinese families.