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991.
992.
Anita E. Woolfolk Lindsay M. Abrams David B. Abrams G. Terence Wilson 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》1979,3(4):205-218
Three male and three female raters were shown videotapes of 29 male subjects who were speaking to a silent female confederate. Raters were asked to make 10 judgments about the subjects' behavior. The subjects had been assigned to one of two expectancy conditions in which they were led to believe the drink they consumed prior to meeting the confederate contained alcohol and tonic or tonic only. Actually, half of the subjects in each expectancy condition received alcohol and half received tonic only. Judgments of the female raters viewing the videotapes were congruent with physiological measures of the subjects' anxiety. Those subjects who believed they received alcohol were perceived by female raters as more relaxed, less anxious, less inhibited, and more dominant than subjects who believed they received tonic. The actual content of the drink had no significant effects on the raters' judgements of the subjects' behavior. Male raters were unable to discriminate among the experimental conditions. Implications for possible gender of rater effects in behavioral assessment procedures as well as for the impact of beliefs on nonverbal communication are discussed. 相似文献
993.
McCormick JB 《Physician executive》1990,16(5):27-29
Physicians are accustomed to having the "buck" stop with them in the clinical arena. Indeed, they resist any attempt to have it otherwise. Management has only recently come back into their consciousness as a career possibility. Management is the "buck" that now belongs to the enemy, represented by managed care, paperwork, and regulation. The thoughts in this article have grown from the author's experience over the past six years as a physician executive in a community hospital, a career that followed 25 years in clinical and anatomical pathology. 相似文献
994.
995.
Questionnaires were administered to 70 black female, 75 black male, 1,457 white female and 1,429 white male university freshmen. In order to test three alternative theories regarding perceptions of discrimination, analyses of variance related sex, race, and SES to total scores of perceived occupational discrimination against blacks (BDST) and against women (WDST). Blacks perceived significantly more discrimination against black people than did whites; neither sex nor SES differentialed scores on BDST. Black females and white males perceived significantly more discrimination against women than did white females; black females had the highest and white females the lowest WDST scores. A discriminant analysis on white females indicated that high WDST scorers were characterized by an “underdog syndrome” whereas low WDST scorers held internal, individualistic values. The findings indicated the greatest support for the formulation that differential anticipatory socialization into the role of “a person who is discriminated against” characterized white females who perceived more or less discrimination against women. 相似文献
996.
Many of the decision situations that arise in modern organizations are very complex. Conventional methods of decision analysis have only limited applicability in these situations. This paper describes a method that can be used as an aid to decision making in such situations where interactions between the parties involved are an important factor. The method is illustrated by reference to a recent situation in which there was competition between a number of participants with regard to the future of the firm of Simpsons Ltd of Toronto. The analysis described illustrates the application of a step-by-step procedure that can be used by participants in the analysis of such situations. 相似文献
997.
998.
An inferential model which utilizes surname comparisons in inferring legitimacy status is developed and validated. Criterion validation is employed to assess the level of agreement between the inferential approach and the conventional reporting procedure. Data for the analysis are based on a sample of birth certificates contained in files of the National Center for Health Statistics for calendar year 1973. Results indicate that despite excessive error within some categories of the control variables, the inferential method is generally adequate to obtain reliable estimates of illegitimacy. 相似文献
999.
The existence of wage patterns is often cited as evidence that the labor market is affected by institutional forces outside
the purview of economic theory. In this paper, it is argued that such patterns can be understood as the result of an information-acquiring
activity of labor market participants that enhances their chance of survival. Wage comparisons are selected, sometimes mistakenly,
in an effort to cope with the uncertainty of the environment. This evolutionary analysis denies a distinction between market
forces and spillovers.
Helpful comments on an earlier draft were received from John Pencaval, Melvin Reder, and Stanley Siebert. The usual disclaimer
attaches. 相似文献
1000.
Two-tier pay plans, under which new hires are paid on a lower pay scale than existing employees, have been used with increasing
frequency in union-management contracts. The two-tier phenomenon appears to be associated with the wider concession bargaining
movement that began in the early 1980s. In this study, management attitudes toward and forecasts about two-tier pay plans
are explored by means of a questionnaire survey.
In general, the management community is found to be optimistic about the spread and utility of two-tier pay plans in the near
term. Managers in firms that actually have two-tier plans are more enthusiastic about their impacts than other managers. Over
a longer term, however, the managers surveyed tend to believe that separate wage scales under two-tier plans will eventually
be merged into a unified scale.
The authors would like to thank Maury Pearl and Gwang-Gi Baek for research assistance on this study. 相似文献