PARENTAL INFLUENCE ON GENDER AND MARITAL ROLE ATTITUDES: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTION

This study examined parental influence on specific attitudes toward marital and parental roles and nonspecific gender-role attitudes. Respondents included 173 young adults (127 women and 46 men) and their parents. Young adults' scores on the Role Orientation scale of the Marital Statisfaction Inventory and on masculinity and femininity scales from two self-report inventories (the MMPI-2 and the Personal Attributes Questionnarie) were correlated with their parents' scores on a subset of these same measures. Results indicated that (a) marital and parental role attitudes among young adults are strongly related to specific marital role attitudes of their parents but only modestly related (for women) or unrelated (for men) to nonspecific gender-role attitudes of their parents; (b) broader gender-role attitudes of young men are moderately correlated with their father's attitudes but generally uncorrelated with their mother's attitudes regarding gender roles; and (c) the relationship of young women's gender-role attitudes to both maternal and paternal attitudes is generally weaker and more complex than for young men. Clinical implications of these findings for assessment and intervention with distressed couples are discussed.     

Accommodating stochastic departures from percentile invariance in causal models

Summary.  Consider a clinical trial in which participants are randomized to a single-dose treatment or a placebo control and assume that the adherence level is accurately recorded. If the treatment is effective, then good adherers in the treatment group should do better than poor ad- herers because they received more drug; the treatment group data follow a dose–response curve. But, good adherers to the placebo often do better than poor adherers, so the observed adherence–response in the treatment group cannot be completely attributed to the treatment. Efron and Feldman proposed an adjustment to the observed adherence–response in the treatment group by using the adherence–response in the control group. It relies on a percentile invariance assumption under which each participant's adherence percentile within their assigned treatment group does not depend on the assigned group (active drug or placebo). The Efron and Feldman approach is valid under percentile invariance, but not necessarily under departures from it. We propose an analysis based on a generalization of percentile invariance that allows adherence percentiles to be stochastically permuted across treatment groups, using a broad class of stochastic permutation models. We show that approximate maximum likelihood estimates of the underlying dose–response curve perform well when the stochastic permutation process is correctly specified and are quite robust to model misspecification.     

黄山绞股兰对赡蜍体心脏的作用

蟾蜍离体心脏灌流实验表明:黄山采集的绞股兰、绞股兰茶剂、生晒参在低浓度时均能增加蟾蜍离体心脏的收缩振幅。其作用为:黄山绞股兰>生晒参>绞股兰茶剂,其后作用也以黄山绞股兰最强。高浓度时均能抑制心脏的搏动,使心脏停止于收缩状态,更换任氏液后心脏的搏动可以恢复。三种药物均对心率无明显的影响。     

Social Support Networks of African-American Children Attending Head Start: A Longitudinal Investigation of Structural and Supportive Network Characteristics

This study examined the stability and coherence of African‐American children's social support networks. Participants included a total of 106 3‐ to 4‐year‐old children attending Head Start centers located in the southeast. Children completed a social network interview in two consecutive years at the Head Start centers. These interviews tapped multiple dimensions of the support network including social embeddedness, proportion of the network providing support, and perceived support. Analyses focused on both the rank‐order stability of children with respect to network characteristics as well as stability of network relationships (the same individuals included in the network at both time periods). Results indicated age‐related increases in network size for adult and child categories, network size across three support domains, proportion of support scores, and perceived support from adults. In addition to age‐related changes, analyses revealed considerable rank‐order stability with respect to structural network dimensions, but very little rank‐order stability in proportion of support and perceived support scores. In contrast, both structural and supportive components of the children's networks were shown to be coherent over a one‐year period when specific network member relationships were examined. Discussion highlights both continuities and discontinuities in young children's social networks, and how data obtained in this study contribute to theory building and the systematic examination of African‐American children's emerging social networks.     

试论隋文帝时期对高句丽政策的演变

隋与高句丽的和战关系一直是隋朝对外关系和边疆经略的重要组成部分。隋文帝建国以后,着力构建以隋朝为中心的东亚国际秩序,对高句丽采取了灵活的外交政策和策略:从起初的怀柔远人、积极防御,到后来与高句丽的初次交锋而又止,经历了从"和"到"战"再到"和"的微妙转变。经过隋文帝的努力,其封建统治可谓如日中天。但是,隋炀帝为扩大这一成果,最终对高句丽诉诸武力,因此导致隋朝衰亡。     

三春好雨润田园--访辽宁省农业经济委员会主任万福民

辽宁农业经过多年的快速发展已由相对滞后变为撑起经济半壁江山的支柱产业。然而,农民丰产不收,负担过重等问题仍很严重,如何让农民收入不断增加、工农各业统筹发展,协调城市乡村利益关系、共同建设小康社会,已成为农民的迫切期望和各级政府关注的焦点问题。     

Brief admission program. An alliance of inpatient care and outpatient case management

1. Brief planned and crisis admissions to an inpatient psychiatric unit are presented as a component supportive of outpatient care and case management for chronically mentally ill patients. 2. Typical patients admitted to this inpatient short-term program are those experiencing a life stress or temporary crisis; chronically mentally ill patients who cycle and experience exacerbations of their illness; and those who need to make the transition from an acute inpatient unit to community living. 3. The Brief Admission Program treats the individual's response to and the consequences of a lifelong illness and enables the patient to return to his previous level of functioning and continue necessary outpatient treatment.     

Adaptive sampling without replacement of clusters

In a common form of adaptive cluster sampling, an initial sample of units is selected by random sampling without replacement and, whenever the observed value of the unit is sufficiently high, its neighboring units are added to the sample, with the process of adding neighbors repeated if any of the added units are also high valued. In this way, an initial selection of a high-valued unit results in the addition of the entire network of surrounding high-valued units and some low-valued “edge” units where sampling stops. Repeat selections can occur when more than one initially selected unit is in the same network or when an edge unit is shared by more than one added network. Adaptive sampling without replacement of networks avoids some of this repeat selection by sequentially selecting initial sample units only from the part of the population not already in any selected network. The design proposed in this paper carries this step further by selecting initial units only from the population, exclusive of any previously selected networks or edge units.     

贵州民族民间美术概论

贵州是一个多民族的省份,有苗、布依、侗、土家、彝等17个世居民族。千百年来,贵州各少数民族在漫长的历史发展过程中,以自己的辛勤劳动和智慧,创造了绚丽多彩、内涵丰富的民族民间美术。贵州民族民间美术品种类繁多,包括建筑、服饰、蜡染、挑花、剌绣、银饰、雕刻、剪纸、陶器等等。本文拟对贵州民族民间美术的起源、分类、形式、特点作简单的论述。     

The network of global corporations and elite policy groups: a structure for transnational capitalist class formation?

This study situates five top transnational policy–planning groups within the larger structure of corporate power that is constituted through interlocking directorates among the world's largest companies. Each group makes a distinct contribution towards transnational capitalist hegemony both by building consensus within the global corporate elite and by educating publics and states on the virtues of one or another variant of the neo–liberal paradigm. Analysis of corporate–policy interlocks reveals that a few dozen cosmopolitans – primarily men based in Europe and North America and actively engaged in corporate management – knit the network together via participation in transnational interlocking and/or multiple policy groups. As a structure underwriting transnational business activism, the network is highly centralized, yet from its core it extends unevenly to corporations and individuals positioned on its fringes. The policy groups pull the directorates of the world's major corporations together, and collaterally integrate the lifeworld of the global corporate elite, but they do so selectively, reproducing regional differences in participation. These findings support the claim that a well–integrated global corporate elite has formed, and that global policy groups have contributed to its formation. Whether this elite confirms the arrival of a transnational capitalist class is a matter partly of semantics and partly of substance.