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981.
Store brands are of increasing importance in retail supply chains, often causing channel conflict, as the retailer's product directly competes with the manufacturer's national brand. Extant research on the resulting channel interactions either assumes the national brand manufacturer can credibly commit to maintaining a wholesale price or that he lacks such ability. However, these two scenarios imply very different supply chain interactions, as only a national brand manufacturer with commitment ability can strategically adjust a national brand wholesale price to prevent a store brand introduction by the retailer. We specifically analyze the impact of this assumption on the manufacturer, the retailer, and the customers. We determine when long‐term contracts that provide the manufacturer with such commitment ability can improve supply chain profitability. 相似文献
982.
Toru Watanabe Timothy A. Bartrand Mark H. Weir Tatsuo Omura Charles N. Haas 《Risk analysis》2010,30(7):1129-1138
In order to develop a dose‐response model for SARS coronavirus (SARS‐CoV), the pooled data sets for infection of transgenic mice susceptible to SARS‐CoV and infection of mice with murine hepatitis virus strain 1, which may be a clinically relevant model of SARS, were fit to beta‐Poisson and exponential models with the maximum likelihood method. The exponential model (k= 4.1 × l02) could describe the dose‐response relationship of the pooled data sets. The beta‐Poisson model did not provide a statistically significant improvement in fit. With the exponential model, the infectivity of SARS‐CoV was calculated and compared with those of other coronaviruses. The does of SARS‐CoV corresponding to 10% and 50% responses (illness) were estimated at 43 and 280 PFU, respectively. Its estimated infectivity was comparable to that of HCoV‐229E, known as an agent of human common cold, and also similar to those of some animal coronaviruses belonging to the same genetic group. Moreover, the exponential model was applied to the analysis of the epidemiological data of SARS outbreak that occurred at an apartment complex in Hong Kong in 2003. The estimated dose of SARS‐CoV for apartment residents during the outbreak, which was back‐calculated from the reported number of cases, ranged from 16 to 160 PFU/person, depending on the floor. The exponential model developed here is the sole dose‐response model for SARS‐CoV at the present and would enable us to understand the possibility for reemergence of SARS. 相似文献
983.
984.
Gyula O. H. Katona 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》2002,100(2):319-336
One unknown element of an n-element set is sought by asking if it is contained in given subsets. It is supposed that the question sets are of size at most k and all the questions are decided in advance, the choice of the next question cannot depend on previous answers. At most l of the answers can be incorrect. The minimum number of such questions is determined when the order of magnitude of k is n with <1. The problem can be formulated as determination of the maximum sized l-error-correcting code (of length n) in which the number of ones in a given position is at most k. 相似文献
985.
986.
Methods based on scan statistics are widely used in health-related applications to detect clusters of disease. The most common methods are based on the Bernoulli and Poisson models. Kulldorff (1997) derived the likelihood ratio test statistic for his scan method for both of these models. His scan statistic is widely used with freely available software, SaTScan? (see Kulldorff, 2005). We provide an alternative derivation of the likelihood ratio test statistic in the Poisson case. Our derivation is simpler and more general in the sense that it applies when the incidences are not aggregated into subregional counts. 相似文献
987.
H. B. Zhao 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(1):18-36
In this article, we consider exact tests in panel data regression model with one-way and two-way error component for which no exact tests are available. Exact inferences using generalized p-values are obtained. When there are several groups of panel data, test for equal coefficients under one-way and two-way error component are derived. 相似文献
988.
Marvin H. J. Gruber 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(2):180-193
Bayesian statistics is concerned with how prior information influence inferences. This article studies this problem by comparing the value of the Rao distance between prior and posterior normal distributions. Particular cases include the linear Bayes estimator, the mixed estimator, and ridge-type estimators. 相似文献
989.
In statistical process control applications, the multivariate T 2 control chart based on Hotelling's T 2 statistic is useful for detecting the presence of special causes of variation. In particular, use of the T 2 statistic based on the successive differences covariance matrix estimator has been shown to be very effective in detecting the presence of a sustained step or ramp shift in the mean vector. However, the exact distribution of this statistic is unknown. In this article, we derive the maximum value of the T 2 statistic based on the successive differences covariance matrix estimator. This distributional property is crucial for calculating an approximate upper control limit of a T 2 control chart based on successive differences, as described in Williams et al. (2006). 相似文献
990.
Sharma (1977) and Aggarwal et al. (2006) considered non circular construction of first- and second-order balanced repeated measurements designs. Sharma et al. (2002) constructed circular first- and second-order balanced repeated measurements designs only for a class with parameters (v, p = 3n, n = v 2) and also showed its universal optimality. In this article, we consider circular construction of first- and second-order balanced repeated measurements designs and strongly balanced repeated measurements designs by using the method of cyclic shifts. Some new circular designs with parameters (v, p, n) for cases p = v, p < v and p > v are given. 相似文献