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981.
Denise N. Obinna 《Journal of historical sociology》2018,31(3):238-252
Taking an uncompromising stance on immigration enforcement, the Trump administration has been sharply criticized for its policies and racially coded rhetoric of immigrants as criminals or undesirables. Despite this criticism, the administration's policies fall in line with historically widespread, exclusionary, nativist and xenophobic attitudes towards immigrants. Much of the American immigrant story has been a tortuous struggle for equality, integration and civil rights. This essay takes a critical look at the complicated history of immigration policy during the last century, focusing on the social, economic and political forces that helped shape legislation. 相似文献
982.
Recent decades have witnessed the rise, across a wide range of countries, of political institutions designed to promote gender equality and women’s political representation. Existing studies have shown how international diffusion processes have contributed to the adoption of two kinds of such institutions – gender mainstreaming and gender quotas. Mounting evidence suggests that institutional reforms within legislatures constitute the latest wave of gendered institutional reform. This article identifies and explains trends in the adoption of one kind of gender-focused parliamentary institution – women’s legislative caucuses (WLCs). We use a discrete time duration model to assess the effect of several factors on WLC establishment. While there is theoretical room to expect diffusion, structural and institutional variables to affect the likelihood of caucus adoption, we find the strongest empirical support for diffusion and institutional factors. A parliament’s likelihood of adopting a WLC rises when sub-regional peers have created WLCs, when women’s international non-governmental organizations are active in the country and when the country has implemented a gender quota. Understanding the factors that affect the adoption of gender-focused parliamentary institutions is critically important, we argue, since such bodies provide space to confront masculinized institutionalized rules and norms. 相似文献
983.
Mendle J Leve LD Van Ryzin M Natsuaki MN Ge X 《Journal of research on adolescence》2011,21(4):871-880
The present study investigated pubertal development in girls with maltreatment histories (N = 100), assessed at four time points over 2 years beginning in the spring of their final year of elementary school. This sample is unique, in that participants were subject to an unusual level of environmental risk early in life and resided in foster care at the start of the study. Analyses replicated the previously established association between sexual abuse and earlier onset of maturation and earlier age at menarche. Physical abuse was related to a more rapid tempo of pubertal development across the period assessed. These results strengthen previous investigations of childhood maltreatment and puberty, highlighting the complexity and specificity of early life experiences for later development. 相似文献
984.
Sara AYLL
N Xavier RAMOS 《International labour review / International Labour Office》2019,158(1):83-113
The authors provide new evidence on youth earnings and labour market volatility, including flows into and out of employment, across Europe during the Great Recession. EU‐SILC data for the period 2004–13 reveal large disparities in volatility levels and trends across European countries. As expected, the Great Recession increased youth labour market volatility, offsetting the trends observed over the previous years of economic prosperity. A variance decomposition exercise points to greater exposure to worker turnover in southern Europe. Fixed effects regression on labour market institutions relates higher unemployment benefits and more stringent employment protection legislation to lower earnings and labour market volatility. 相似文献
985.
An overview is given of methodology for testing goodness of fit of parametric models using nonparametric function estimation techniques. The ideas are illustrated in two settings: the classical one-sample goodness-of-fit scenario and testing the goodness of fit of a polynomial regression model. 相似文献
986.
N.S. Kambo 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(12):1129-1132
In this note explicit expressions are given for the maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of the two-parameter exponential distribution, when a doubly censored sample is available. 相似文献
987.
988.
Ronald N. Jacobs 《The American Sociologist》2009,40(3):149-166
This article examines the history of media sociology in the U.S., through a critical analysis of articles published in the
major sociology journals during the twentieth century. I argue that media sociology has been at its most vibrant when its
goal has been to understand the dominant cultural structures that shape the public sphere. Robert Park was the first sociologist
to adopt this perspective, with his research on newspapers and the power of the press. This interest continued into the 1950s,
with research on media and propaganda. By the 1960s, however, concern had shifted away from the public character of media,
focusing instead on the ways in which social factors intervened between media messages and society. While important, this
shift in analytical focus ultimately led to a more reductionist media sociology, which failed to explore how media provided
a distinctive type of social output. There is evidence that a less reductionist media sociology has begun to emerge since
the 1990s, with the rise of cultural sociology and theories of the public sphere. This new media sociology could increase
its visibility within mainstream sociology by making more explicit connections to the Chicago School tradition, and by claiming
Robert Park as its classical founder. 相似文献
989.
Fabio N. Demarqui Rosangela H. LoschiDipak K. Dey Enrico A. Colosimo 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》2012,142(3):728-742
A novel fully Bayesian approach for modeling survival data with explanatory variables using the Piecewise Exponential Model (PEM) with random time grid is proposed. We consider a class of correlated Gamma prior distributions for the failure rates. Such prior specification is obtained via the dynamic generalized modeling approach jointly with a random time grid for the PEM. A product distribution is considered for modeling the prior uncertainty about the random time grid, turning possible the use of the structure of the Product Partition Model (PPM) to handle the problem. A unifying notation for the construction of the likelihood function of the PEM, suitable for both static and dynamic modeling approaches, is considered. Procedures to evaluate the performance of the proposed model are provided. Two case studies are presented in order to exemplify the methodology. For comparison purposes, the data sets are also fitted using the dynamic model with fixed time grid established in the literature. The results show the superiority of the proposed model. 相似文献
990.