Where are They from and How Far Must They Go? Examining Location and Travel Distance in U.S. Abortion Fund Patients

The current study examines a secondary data analysis of 3,452 administrative cases from a national abortion fund representing patients who received pledges for financial assistance to pay for an abortion from 2010 to 2015 in the United States, where abortion costs are not covered under federal public health programs. Case data were analyzed to assess patients' geographic origin, and whether or not cases were more likely to originate from states with Medicaid and private insurance restrictions. The anticipated travel distance to the provider and whether or not travel distances had been increasing over time were also examined. Results indicate that the majority of pledges are made to residents of the South, Midwest, states without expanded Medicaid access to abortion, and states that have private insurance restrictions on abortion coverage. Results further indicate that those who receive funding pledges anticipated traveling approximately 225 kilometers (140 miles) on average to access the abortion. This distance increased from 2010 to 2015, with patients seeking second trimester procedures expecting to travel nearly 3 times farther than patients in their first term. Abortion fund patients travel great distances to access an abortion and those distances are increasing over time. It is recommended that policy restricting public funding of abortion be repealed to improve access to abortion not only in the United States, but also in other countries where policy restrictions may impede access to abortion, even when it is legal.     

母系家园(英文)

这是一个28户人家的小村庄,坐落在川滇两省交界处崇山峻岭中,至今尚没有道路能够通达。它是当年茶马古道的必经之路,小村子也因此得名——里加咀(摩梭语译音),摩梭语的意思是"中间休息的地方",或"灵魂聚集的地方"。这个鲜为人知的小村庄,堪称早期母系氏族的缩影。     

再谈并列双音词的字序

本文在声调决定并列式双音词字序的前提下 ,对声调所无法解释的 135个并列式双音词进行详细的量化分析 ,根据每个词产生时代的语音特点 ,探求字序排列的原因 ,得出并列式双音词的字序受元音舌位高低和谐规律制约的结论 ,进而解释了声调规律所无法解释的一些问题     

The effects of food and density of the movement ofArion ater andAriolimax columbianus (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) between habitats

Summary Experiments were conducted to determine if slug density, or food quantity and quality could cause dispersal by slugs.Arion ater dispersed quickly from overcrowded areas, where high mortality was incurred by this species. Poor food conditions, caused more dispersal than good food conditions, but food had no effect on the mortality ofA. ater. Neither food nor density factors had significant effects on the dispersal ofAriolimax columbianus. However, moreA. columbianus died in the high- than low-density treatments.A. columbianus mortality was unaffected by the food factor. DispersingArion were heavier than non-dispersers, but there was no difference between the weights of dispersing and non-dispersingAriolimax. There were significant seasonal changes in the dispersal rate, mortality and weight of dispersingArion, whereas only the mortality ofAriolimax changed significantly during the experiments. SinceArion ater did not markedly reduce its activity during unsuitable weather it was able to leave areas of poor food and high slug density fairly rapidly.Ariolimax columbianus' large size allowed it to remain inactive during unfavourable weather and permitted this species to be relatively unresponsive to the experimental treatments.     

Competition and Wage Discrimination: The Effects of Interindustry Concentration and Import Penetration*

Objective. Economic theory suggests that competition reduces employers' latitude to engage in wage discrimination ( Becker, 1957 ). This study investigates the impact of foreign and domestic competition on wage discrimination. Method. Utilizing the sample of males in U.S. manufacturing industries from the 1990 Public Use Micro Sample (PUMS), industry wage equations are estimated. In a second stage, the impact of domestic and foreign competition on racial wage disparity is assessed. Results. We find little evidence to support our hypothesis. Conclusions. Notwithstanding, the failure of conventional economic theory to satisfactorily explain racial wage disparity reiterates the need to incorporate alternative theories of discrimination into mainstream economic theory.     

Aboriginal Drinking: A Case Study in Inequality and Disadvantage

This paper examines an aspect of social inequality experienced by Aboriginal people living in a remote Queensland mining town. We contend that non-Aboriginal perceptions and attitudes of Aboriginal drinking behaviour contribute directly to structural inequalities within the Mount Isa community. Social drinking in the township is, for reserve-dwelling Aborigines, restricted mainly to one bar in one hotel and adjoining park and river bank area. The restrictions are preserved through both overt and covert discrimination. Aboriginal inebriation and excessive drinking are therefore more visible to the wider community and more accessible to police prosecution than that of any other ethnic group in the town. Although White folk tales concerning Aboriginal drinking often contain fear about acts of violence and crime directed towards the White community, soundly documented incidents are rare. This paper argues that the persistence of such attitudes is at the heart of a symbolic differential between the White and Black community in Queensland. Moreover, problems within the Aboriginal community that can be directly related to the excessive consumption of alcohol must also be seen as a product of these White reactions and perceptions.     

“Neutrality” and “card check” agreements: Union assaults on employee rights and the integrity of the national labor relations board

Employer “neutrality” and union recognition by “card check” are tools unions use to bolster their shrinking numbers. Employee freeinformed choice and the sanctity of a democratic, secretballot National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) election are the casualties of this fast-track approach to organizing. The NLRB is faced with challenging issues about some of the agreements which may overreach legal boundaries. This paper addresses those issues and highlights pending NLRB cases which may resolve some of them.     

Rent seeking and the North-South terms of trade

In this paper results are reported for a series of counterfactual experiments with an eight- region numerical general equilibrium model of world trade, production, and welfare. In these analyses trade restrictions in the developing world are modeled as quantity constrained import licensing, which generates competitive rent-seeking behavior. Model experiments concentrate on the implications of differential factor endowment growth for the North-South terms of trade, and the effects of alternative trade policy changes in developing countries.