Classifying At‐Risk High School Youth: The Influence of Exposure to Community Violence and Protective Factors on Academic and Health Outcomes

Using cluster analysis, 789 predominately Latino and African American high school youth were classified into varying academic at‐risk profiles using self‐reported levels of academic confidence, motivation to attend school, perceived family support, connections with teachers and peers, and exposure to violence. Six clusters emerged, 5 of which were identified as “at‐risk.” The clusters were examined in relation to academic stress, health status, grades, and school retention. Exposure to violence was one distinguishing feature of youth identified as most vulnerable, vulnerable, and resilient; however, youth identified as resilient recorded better academic outcomes.     

Constituents’ economic interests and senator support for spending limitations

Peltzman [Peltzman, S., 1984. Constituent interest and congressional voting. Journal of Law and Economics 27, 181–210] argues that if constituents’ economic interests have well-defined “winners and losers” and are appropriately measured, then constituents’ economic interests, and not legislator ideology, are the most important determinates of legislator voting. We test Peltzman's theory by examining senatorial voting on three mandated spending limitation bills. We find, consistent with Peltzman's theory, that the ratio of federal spending in a senator's state to federal taxes paid by that state, and not a senator's personal ideology, matters on legislation where there are well-defined economic “winners and losers.” This is particularly important because unlike other constituents’ economic interest measures that only impact a fraction of the constituency, the ratio of federal spending to federal taxes in a state represents the economic interests of all the constituents in a state.     

经济发展、资源功能与中国的配置绩效

经济发展理论高度重视各种资源等劳动对象的开发利用。西方经济学的信仰者由于自身存在的认识论缺陷，难以科学认识劳动对象与经济发展的内在关系，进而也难以科学论述资源在发展理论及其模型中的作用和地位。因此，必须遵循马克思的方法论，从理论为实际的反映入手，建立科学的分析模型，以此指导中国经济发展方式的转变，建立生态与经济相协调的可持续发展的资源及能源支撑体系，调整、优化资源及能源的供给与需求结构。     

少数民族移民与城市其他民族居民的互动及调适——以深圳为例

随着中国的城市化进程,大量少数民族人口迁入城市,城市日愈面临多民族共处的问题。生活在城市中的各民族由于文化差异、利益矛盾发生着较为频繁的社会互动。我们可以努力促进积极互动,引导过激互动,化解消极互动,并通过政策和心理调适促进民族关系的良性发展及多元文化的形成。     

流行文化对青少年的影响

笔者从价值取向、生活方式、审美情趣、语言方式等方面探讨了流行文化对青少年的影响;从青少年的性格特点、心理特征等方面分析了影响产生的原因;据此提出了开展挫折教育、体验教育,倡树感谢文化等对策.     

霍兰的涌现性思想评析

霍兰在复杂性系统科学方面提出复杂自适应系统(CAS)理论.他提出的涌现性理论对创新研究具有重要意义.对霍兰的科学思想渊源关系、遗传算法、CAS理论、涌现性方面的奠基性工作加以详细研究和评述,进而确立了霍兰在遗传算法、复杂性系统科学上的奠基性地位.     

对联的向善功能浅析

对联是我国文艺园地的一朵奇葩,具有很高的艺术欣赏价值和应用价值,它还具有独特的向善功能、教育警策作用,可以启迪和导引人们净化心灵,陶冶情操.很多名联佳句成为千百年来人们口耳相传的道德规范.赏读对联,我们不仅可以体会其语言美、艺术美,也可以体会人情美,受到真善美的教育,对于培养社会主义荣辱观有潜移默化的作用.     

经济责任审计风险的成因与防范

经济责任审计是一项非常严肃的工作。审计评价是否恰当 ,不仅影响对领导干部的业绩评估 ,而且直接关系到审计机关的信誉和形象。这就要求审计人员客观公正 ,尽量降低审计风险。     

基于企业战略层面的自主创新因素分析

自主创新在本质上属于企业战略层次,因此影响企业自主创新的主要因素也应该是影响企业战略的一般因素,即企业的核心能力、企业导向和企业文化。从企业核心能力的角度而言,自主创新在微观层面就是指企业能动性的技术创新能力,自主型技术创新最能体现出企业技术创新的自主性。从企业导向的角度而言,自主创新是以企业家为导向的企业家精神"自主"特性的体现和以市场为导向的"创新"价值的实现的统一过程。自主创新与企业文化相互影响、共同促进,在技术创新过程中,企业文化主要通过内隐文化影响自主创新,而自主创新对企业文化的影响则是通过外显文化进而影响内隐文化。