动态竞争与民营企业的竞争优势选择

动态竞争环境下的动态竞争战略分析,是20世纪90年代以来困扰企业经理们的战略管理问题。民营企业又如何在动态竞争条件下选择适合自身发展的竞争战略?除了传统的战略分析外,还应建立起战略柔性概念。核心能力是一整套在战略上可以充分理解的业务流程。文中基于核心能力的战略分析和竞争优势选择,从更广泛的基础上研究了企业在动态环境下的竞争优势和竞争战略选择。     

Auslaufmodell Normalstudent Zur Pluralisierung der studentischen Lebenslagen

The pluralisation of life-styles is now also apparent within the University sphere. Not only is this pluralisation evident in the ways students live, and in their studying strategies, it also reflects in changed demands in relation to accommodation and incorporation into the job market during the study period, too. We present this change of focus from the students’ perspective. ?University“ is no longer the central institution for socialisation, and the studies are no longer the only focal point in students’ lives. These changing expectations of what to expect from an university education, as well as the tendency to move outside the scope of the university in order to acquire further qualifications and capabilities, lead, on the one hand, to a decentralisation of the studies and a deconstruction of the term ?normal student“, and, on the other hand, to a constant commuting between the educational sphere and the occupational sphere even during the studentship.     

„Javanische Geschichten” führten zum Erfolg — ein Beispiel von Entwicklungszusammenarbeit in Yogyakarta, Indonesien

Java is known from fairytales as an island of myths, traditional lifestyle and history. But the cultural capital Yogyakarta is also a busy and crowded city on its way to metropolitan dimensions with difficulties in Services and supply. The environmental countryside association SekBer Kartamantul has, with support from GTZ, built up a vision in which dynamic urban management and tradition positively enhance each other.     

Editorial

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Editorial

     

Untersuchung der autoritären Einstellung bei ungarischen StudentInnen

We asked daytime university and college students to complete the survey, which aimed at examining the authoritarian attitude of those questioned, and the factors in connection to it. The questionnaire was made up of 23 statements, and those questioned had to express how far they agree on a five grade scale (N = 349). On the basis of the answers it could be stated that the different groups of those planning to work in different fields differ from each other also from the point of view of accepting authority: from those groups which were examined in greater numbers the physical education teachers and the theologians were the most authoritarian, while the social workers and students of human studies were the least. Those answering differed also in terms of religiousness: those considering themselves religious and close to the church seemed to be the most authoritarian and those who are not religious the least. The results were interestingly coloured by the fact that in assessing specific social situations the social workers and the convinced non-religious ones showed signs of more authoritarian attitude. Results also proved that the own opinion about authoritarianism is related to the opinion of the parents. Beside many other questions we also examined whether authoritarianism is related to the situation when someone is stricter to him/herself and to those emotionally closer than to others.     

MONITORING OF WORKERS AND PRODUCT MARKET COMPETITION: THE ROLE OF WORKS COUNCILS

Often the consent of worker representations, such as works councils, is required before firms are allowed to install technologies that monitor workers' behavior. Absent monitoring, workers produce low output, while at the same time receiving an information rent. To gain the works council's consent to the installation of a monitoring technology, firms need to compensate workers for the lost information rent. Hence, by making it more costly to produce high output, works councils can serve firms as an instrument to commit to low output levels. This provides a rationale for why works council rights are not opposed more strongly by employers. (JEL D43, D86, J83, L13)     

Searching for Innovative Design: Architectural Competitions in the Silvering Swedish Welfare State

The new millennium has seen an increased interest in appropriate housing for the senior part of the Swedish population, defined as those aged 65 years and older. In 2010, the Swedish government launched a 2-year program called “Growing Old, Living Well” that targeted the living conditions of not only older people with few or some needs for homecare services, but also the smaller group of dependent and frail older persons whose everyday living depends upon regular caregiving. The program promoted architectural competitions as a tool for innovation. This article assesses the outcome of 3 architectural competitions that were carried out by 3 municipalities in accordance with the program. It concludes that existing notions about appropriate space for aging populations prevailed, since the competition briefs evolved from existing data and consequently allowed for only a low degree of innovative thinking. Hence, the relationship between architectural design and older people's age-related needs was only addressed indirectly. Further work needs to be done in the area of housing for the Swedish silvering welfare state in order for this factor to become an essential criterion for creating innovative architecture and urban design.     

The Role of Social Performance and Physical Attractiveness in Peer Rejection of Socially Anxious Adolescents

This study addressed the role of social performance and physical attractiveness in the link between social anxiety and peer rejection in first‐time social situations. Recordings of 20 high and 20 low socially anxious adolescents giving a speech were rated by unfamiliar peers (N = 534) with regard to desire for future interaction (lower scores indicating rejection), social performance, and physical attractiveness; trained adult raters also evaluated social performance. Findings showed high interrelations between the different peer ratings and moderate correlations between adult and peer ratings. High socially anxious students were more rejected and social performance and physical attractiveness partly mediated the link between social anxiety and rejection. The findings may have important implications for socially anxious youth entering new social situations.