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141.
The second Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence conference (SENS II) featured some very provocative ideas. The explicit objective of extending human life span indefinitely has opened a large rift between the meeting's organizer and those who believe he is acting unscientifically, perhaps recklessly. Two SENS conference participants present their views on the divisive nature of SENS. 相似文献
142.
143.
Ayesha McAdams-Mahmoud Rob Stephenson Christopher Rentsch Hannah Cooper Kimberly Jacob Arriola Geoffrey Jobson 《Journal of homosexuality》2014,61(6):847-867
The mental health outcomes of men who have sex with men (MSM) living in sub-Saharan Africa are understudied, despite evidence that discrimination and stigma are widespread. This article examines the occurrence and mental health effects of minority stress in a sample of diverse South African MSM. Twenty-two MSM living in Cape Town took part in exploratory qualitative in-depth interviews and completed mental health questionnaires. Results indicate that the majority of participants experienced minority stress, which affected their sexual relationships and coping strategies. Concealment behaviors and perceived discrimination levels were high and were associated with race, religion, SES, and geographical location. 相似文献
144.
Brian R. Gray Vyacheslav Lyubchich Yulia R. Gel James T. Rogala Dale M. Robertson Xiaoqiao Wei 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2016,25(1):89-105
Long-term temporal trends in water temperature in rivers and streams are typically estimated under the assumption of evenly-spaced space-time measurements. However, sampling times and dates associated with historical water temperature datasets and some sampling designs may be haphazard. As a result, trends in temperature may be confounded with trends in time or space of sampling which, in turn, may yield biased trend estimators and thus unreliable conclusions. We address this concern using multilevel (hierarchical) linear models, where time effects are allowed to vary randomly by day and date effects by year. We evaluate the proposed approach by Monte Carlo simulations with imbalance, sparse data and confounding by trend in time and date of sampling. Simulation results indicate unbiased trend estimators while results from a case study of temperature data from the Illinois River, USA conform to river thermal assumptions. We also propose a new nonparametric bootstrap inference on multilevel models that allows for a relatively flexible and distribution-free quantification of uncertainties. The proposed multilevel modeling approach may be elaborated to accommodate nonlinearities within days and years when sampling times or dates typically span temperature extremes. 相似文献
145.
Hannah Holleman 《Rural sociology》2012,77(2):280-307
While a growing body of research indicates the severe ecological and social costs of biofuel production worldwide, the U.S. government continues to promote the expansion of this fuel sector. Recent congressional testimony regarding the promotion of biofuels via the renewable fuel standard (RFS) offers a strategic research site for sociological investigation into the practices of key political actors and their roles in promoting and discouraging ecologically oriented change. Congressional hearings provide a window into the political process of energy policy formation, thus informing environmental sociological theory and debates. The ecological modernization perspective and its assumptions provide the analytical frame of this empirical analysis of congressional hearings during the peak legislative period concerning biofuels. This research is intended to contribute to alternative energy debates, add to our understanding of the role of various actors in energy policy formation, and further theoretical developments within sociology. 相似文献
146.
Edmund R. Gray 《Long Range Planning》1981,14(2):49-53
There is mounting evidence that one of the principal impediments to the increased social responsiveness of major corporations is the organizational difficulty of incorporating novel social programmes into existing operations. Four empirical studies that support this thesis are summarized and discussed. Then, a set of guidelines are suggested that will provide a useful checklist in planning for the implementation of new socially oriented programmes in large firms. 相似文献
147.
ABSTRACTThere is interest in the circular economy as a framework for transition from a linear take-make-dispose model of production and consumption, to a circular model which decouples economic growth from resource consumption. However, there is limited understanding of how that applies to the city through governance lens. This paper examines evidence from 28 municipalities in London to unpack the ‘government’ and ‘governance’ of circular economy in the city. It examines the ‘governmentality’ of circular economy in planning practice and reflects on what austerity localism and scalar politics might mean for the planning and governance of circular economy in cities. 相似文献
148.
Hua Qin Jamie Vickery Hannah Brenkert-Smith Barituka Bekee Yanu Prasetyo 《Risk analysis》2023,43(7):1387-1399
As residents living in hazard-prone areas face on-going environmental threats, the actions they take to mitigate such risks are likely motivated by various factors. Whereas risk perception has been considered a key determinant of related behavioral responses, little is known about how risk mitigation actions influence subsequent perceived risk. In other words, do actions to prevent or mitigate risk reduce risk perception? This longitudinal study considers the dynamic relationships between risk perception and risk-mitigating behavior in the context of forest disturbance in north-central Colorado. Based on panel survey data collected in 2007 and 2018, the results provide a first look at changes in perceived forest risks as they relate to individual and community actions in response to an extensive mountain pine beetle outbreak. Analysis revealed that the perception of direct forest risks (forest fire and falling trees) increased, whereas indirect forest risk perception (concern on broader threats to local community) decreased across the two study phases. Higher individual or community activeness (level of actions) was associated with subsequent reductions in perceived forest fire risk, smaller increases in direct risk perception, and larger decreases in indirect risk perception. These findings contribute insights into the complex risk reappraisal process in forest hazard contexts, with direct implications for risk communication and management strategies. 相似文献
149.
Stefanie Kalmakoff Andrew Gray Sally Baddock 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(3):202-209
Problem
Supplementation of breastfed babies is common during the hospital stay.Background
The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) optimises practices to support exclusive breastfeeding, yet supplementation is still prevalent.Objective
To determine predictors for supplementation in a cohort of breastfed babies in a Baby-Friendly hospital.Methods
Electronic hospital records of 1530 healthy term or near term singleton infants and their mothers were examined retrospectively and analysed to identify factors associated with in-hospital supplementation using Poisson regression (unadjusted and adjusted).Findings
Fifteen percent of breastfed infants were supplemented during their hospital stay. Analysis by multivariable Poisson regression found that supplementation was independently associated with overweight (reference normal weight) (aRR [adjusted relative risk] = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.11–1.93); primiparity (aRR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.09–1.80); early term gestation (37–376 weeks, aRR = 2.79; 95% CI: 1.88–4.15; 38–386 weeks, aRR = 2.03, 95%CI: 1.46–2.82); birthweight less than 2500 grams (reference 3000–3499 grams) (aRR = 3.60; 95% CI: 2.32–5.60) and use of postpartum uterotonic (aRR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.09–5.55). Greater than 65 minutes of skin-to-skin contact at birth reduced the risk of supplementation (aRR = 0.66; 95% CI; 0.48–0.92).Conclusion
These identified predictors for supplementation, can inform the development of interventions for mother-infant pairs antenatally or in the early postpartum period around increased breastfeeding education and support to reduce supplementation. It may also be possible to reduce supplementation through judicious use of postpartum uterotonics and facilitation of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact at birth for greater than one hour duration. 相似文献150.
Hazel Keedle Virginia Schmied Elaine Burns Hannah Grace Dahlen 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(1):69-79