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221.
Drawing upon social control theory in criminology, this paper examines the relationship between gender roles and the inhibitors of deviance. We develop and test hypotheses that “traditional” females, defined in terms of either position in the social structure or gender‐role attitudes, perceive higher levels of three types of sanctions assocíated with crime than do males; while “nontraditional” females are similar to males in their perceptions of sanctions. Results indicate that while changing gender roles and gender‐role attitudes affect perceived threats of guilt‐feelings and social stigma, they do not appear to influence women's perceptions of legal sanctions. 相似文献
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Theory-Based Policy Development for HIV Prevention in Racial/Ethnic Minority Midlife and Older Women
ABSTRACT In 2008, there were more than a million persons with HIV/AIDS in the United States. The CDC (2007) estimates that 15% of persons with HIV/AIDS are over age 50. At greater risk are women of color. Most intervention efforts have focused on intrapersonal aspects of an individual and his or her sexual-risk behaviors, with little or no attention directed toward interpersonal and socioenvironmental considerations of risk and prevention. This paper considers the limitations of current national policies relating to HIV prevention in minority populations, especially among midlife and older women of color. In particular, this paper examines risk and prevention policies in light of ecological perspectives, social capital, and dialogical theories. 相似文献
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We strongly reject the full-insurance hypothesis, using testing variables that are not decision variables for the households under investigation. We find that households are not insured against changes in the unemployment rate associated with the household head's occupational category. Using this exogenous information, we also investigate the appropriateness of exogeneity assumptions on idiosyncratic variables that have been used as testing variables in the full-insurance literature. It is shown that several exogeneity assumptions made in the existing literature are potentially problematic. 相似文献
227.
Abstract Gradually, developments in both psychoanalytic theory and practice have pushed the psychoanalytic therapist from a position of presumed knowing and automatic authority towards a more full, complex and parallel participation in the therapeutic process. This dethroning corresponds to the more general undermining of the expert in the postmodern critique of established knowledge and power relations. It is argued that the shift has come about within psychoanalysis by the increasingly environmentalist tilt in theory, by the ascendance of countertransference thinking, and by the demise of the natural science model for psychoanalytic theory. Some implications for practice deriving from these changes are discussed. 相似文献
228.
Adeline Wyman Battalen Christina M. Sellers Ruth McRoy Harold D. Grotevant 《Adoption quarterly》2019,22(1):53-74
AbstractDespite growing trends in openness between birth and adoptive families, little is known about what happens when adopted children become parents and birth mothers become birth grandmothers. These new and unique relationships between birth mothers and their grandchildren were examined through intensive case study analyses of in-depth interviews with birth mothers who placed infants for adoption more than 25?years ago (N?=?11). Findings revealed enjoyment in their role as grandmothers and emphasized the significant role the adult adoptee (parent) played in influencing communication with their grandchild and families’ incorporation of technology-mediated contact to overcome geographic barriers. Implications for practitioners, policy makers, and researchers are discussed. 相似文献
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R. Jake Jacobs MPA Sammy Saab MD MPH Allen S. Meyerhoff MS 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2013,61(6):227-236
Abstract Hepatitis B immunization is recommended for all American children, and hepatitis A immunization is recommended for children who live in areas with elevated disease rates. Because hepatitis A and B occur most commonly in young adults, the authors examined the cost effectiveness of college-based vaccination. They developed epidemiologic models to consider infection risks and disease progression and then compared the cost of vaccination with economic, longevity, and quality of life benefits. Immunization of 100,000 students would prevent 1,403 acute cases of hepatitis A, 929 cases of hepatitis B, and 144 cases of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatitis B vaccination would cost the health system $7,600 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained but would reduce societal costs by 6%. Hepatitis A/B vaccination would cost the health system $8,500 per QALY but would reduce societal costs by 12%. Until childhood and adolescent vaccination can produce immune cohorts of young adults, college-based hepatitis immunization can reduce disease transmission in a cost-effective manner. 相似文献
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Abstract On May 11, 1996, ValuJet flight 592 crashed in the Florida Everglades killing all 105 passengers and five crew members. The technical cause of the crash was a fire that erupted after one or more oxygen generators exploded in a cargo compartment. Governmental investigations have indicated that both ValuJet and SabreTech (an airline maintenance company) failed to comply with a host of regulations concerning the presentation, storage, and transportation of hazardous materials by air. More generally, however, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has been found to be negligent in its oversight of airlines by not adequately monitoring the general safety of commercial aircraft as well as by its refusal to institute safeguards and guidelines that would have protected passengers and crews from crashes like that of flight 592. This paper follows the tradition of state-corporate crime theorizing and research by identifying the organizational and structural forces that contributed to the ValuJet crash. This includes an examination of the FAA's contradictory roles as both regulator and supporter of the airline industry, as well as a discussion of both ValuJet's and SabreTech's violations of federal air safety regulations. 相似文献