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241.
242.
Andrew J. Sarkin Steven R. Tally Terry A. Cronan Georg E. Matt Heather W. Lyons 《Evaluation and program planning》1997,20(4):421-431
Attrition presents a challenge for research, especially when it affects groups differentially. The present study used the strategy proposed by Cook and Campbell (1979) to investigate attrition in a community-based literacy program. The relationship of attrition to person-centered and program-centered variables, and the interactions between person-centered and program-centered variables were examined in 287 Head Start families. Thus, data from this program were used to illustrate methods for examining attrition and determine its effects. This examination revealed differences among the intervention groups in the pattern of attrition. There were interactions between intervention program-centered characteristics and person-centered characteristics of the participants that could affect the validity of the study and limit the generalizability of the results. Suggestions for dealing with these problems and preventing attrition are discussed. 相似文献
243.
Heather Chambers Jacqueline Amos Steve Allison Leigh Roeger 《Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy》2006,27(2):68-74
Parent and Child Therapy (PACT) is an attachment‐based intervention for children aged between 4 and 12 years old experiencing emotional and behavioural problems. It is appropriate for distressed parent—child relationships which have not responded to systemic family therapy. PACT seeks to reframe parent—child relationship distress using narrative techniques and experiential tasks based on the concept of supported looking. Therapy occurs in parallel for parent and child using a one‐way screen. PACT improves parents' reflective capacity and sensitivity, and for the child's sense of security in her primary attachment relationship. An outline of the four stages of PACT is presented along with a case study to illustrate the course of PACT. Finally, we discuss the dissemination of PACT within a busy child and adolescent mental health service and outline our plans for future outcome evaluation. 相似文献
244.
Abstract Employing data from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 March supplements of the Current Population Surveys, this study examines changing household and family structure in metro and nonmetro areas and corresponding changes in poverty, emphasizing female‐headed families with children under age 18. We also pay particular attention to the structure and economic conditions of subfamilies with children during this period. Household and family structure in suburban metro and nonmetro areas were quite similar by 2000. In contrast, families and households in nonmetro and metro central city areas were similar in their high prevalence of poverty. Finally, the risk of female‐headed families and subfamilies with children living in poverty is highest for nonmetro residents, and their individual characteristics suppress rather than account for this disadvantage. This pattern persisted across the decades studied, despite economic growth during the 1990s. 相似文献
245.
Thirty‐two 6‐month‐old infants were exposed to their mothers attending, in turn, to a lifelike baby doll and a book. Infant negativity was greater when maternal attention was directed toward the social object, suggesting the presence of an early form of jealousy by 6 months of age. 相似文献
246.
This article examines the dimensions which determine whether national social security systems make payments towards the costs of long-term care needs and whether they do so where these needs are met within the family; what kinds of payments are made and to whom; and what levels these payments are set at. The article is based on empirical material from five European Union countries (the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Italy and Germany). We argue that differences between countries along three dimensions account for most of the diversity between national systems in this field. These dimensions are the allocation of responsibilities and powers to local versus central levels of government; assumptions of to whom long-term care represents a "risk"; national principles of subsidiarity and the relationship between the family and the State. This is, however, a field undergoing change (albeit mostly incrementalist and ad hoc) in the face of the demands placed on social welfare systems by growing levels of disability (related to the growth of elderly populations) and demands from women's movements and disability movements for recognition of their needs within social welfare systems. 相似文献
247.
Integration and Its Future: a case study of primary education and physical disability 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
This article describes a case study of the integration into mainstream schooling in two LEAs of children of primary school age with physical disabilities. Levels of disability are compared with the location of the children in the school system and any special provision made for them. Quality of provision is also explored. Factors affecting the overall levels of integration in the LEAs and differences between them are examined and the wider implications of recent legislation for the future development of integration are discussed in the light of the findings of the study. 相似文献
248.
Richard Topolski Kimberly A. Boyd-Bowman Heather Ferguson 《Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy》2003,3(1):111-119
Discrimination against minorities and people of lower social economic status is often hard to prove quantitatively. One way to measure discrimination concretely is to examine the quality of goods available to people of different races and socioeconomic status (SES). We investigated the quality of supermarket produce in neighborhoods of varying socioeconomic status (high, medium, and low SES). Fresh fruit was purchased from 3 different locations of 2 separate supermarket chains in a mid-sized southern city, for a total of 6 stores for comparison. Participants used 2 methods to record their perceptions of fruit quality in terms of both appearance and taste: a relative ranking of each fruit and a 9-point Likert scale. Results indicate that supermarkets in the lowest socioeconomic area had the poorest quality fruit and the markets in the highest SES had the best fruit. The results are discussed in terms of their potential implication on health and lifestyle factors for lower SES individuals. 相似文献
249.
Margarita Stolarova Heather Whitney Sara J. Webb Raye‐Ann de Regnier Michael K. Georgieff Charles A. Nelson 《Infancy》2003,4(3):437-450
This study sought to examine the electrophysiological correlates of visual perceptual priming in a sample of low risk preterm infants. We compared the ERP data of 20 healthy preterm infants at the age of 6 months (corrected age: 4 months) to those of 20 six‐month‐old and 20 four‐month‐old full term infants. The comparison groups represented the preterm infants' chronological and corrected ages respectively. The results showed that the brain responses of the preterm infants at the age of 6 months, specifically the topography and the latency of the Nc component, are more similar to those of their corrected age peers than to those of the chronological age controls. 相似文献
250.
Heather A. Turner 《Rural sociology》2006,71(3):479-504
Abstract While the impact of single parenting on women and children has long been a concern, very little research has focused on single parents living in rural areas. Based on a probability sample of 508 single mothers aged 18–39 living in rural Northern New England, the present study: (1) examines the impact of several domains of stress on mothers' depression, (2) considers potential buffering effects of social resources, and (3) identifies variations in conditions and outcomes for divorced and never‐married mothers. Findings highlight the importance of multiple forms of stress exposure, showing independent significant effects of lifetime adversity, recent life events, and chronic stressors on current depressive symptoms. Although emotional support reduces depression, neither support nor living arrangements moderate the impact of recent and current stressors. Divorced women experience more stress exposure, greater vulnerability to stress, and do not benefit from family support to the same extent as never‐married mothers. Possible differences in the meanings that divorced and never‐married mothers attach to current life circumstances are discussed. 相似文献