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471.
Heather Peters Maree Hunt David Harper 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(4):521-531
Despite the prevalence of problem gamblers and the ethical issues involved in studying gambling behavior with humans, few
animal models of gambling have been developed. When designing an animal model it is necessary to determine if behavior in
the paradigm is similar to human gambling. In human studies, response latencies following winning trials and near win trials
are greater than those following clear losses. Weatherly and Derenne (Anal Gambl Behav 1:79–89, 2007) investigated whether this pattern was found with rats working in an animal analogue of slot machine gambling. They found
a similar pattern of response latencies but the subjects’ behavior did not come under control of the visual stimuli signalling
the different outcomes. The animal model of slot machine gambling we used addressed procedural issues in Weatherly and Derenne’s
model and examined whether reinforcer magnitude and the presence of near win trials influenced response latency and resistance
to extinction. Response latencies of the six female Norway Hooded rats varied as a function of reinforcer magnitude and the
presence of near-win trials. These results are consistent with prior research and with the idea that near win trials serve
as conditional reinforcers. 相似文献
472.
473.
It is well documented that immigrants are in better health upon arrival in the United States than their American counterparts but that this health advantage erodes over time. We study the potential determinants of this "healthy immigrant effect, " with a particular focus on the tendency of immigrants to converge to unhealthy American BMI levels. Using data from the National Health Interview Survey, we find that average female and male immigrants enter the United States with BMIs that are approximately two and five percentage points lower than native-born women and men, respectively. Consistent with the declining health status of immigrants the longer they remain in the United States, we also find that female immigrants almost completely converge to American BMIs within 10 years of arrival, and men close a third of the gap within 15 years. 相似文献
474.
Heather L. Menne David M. Bass Justin D. Johnson Branka Primetica Keith R. Kearney Salli Bollin 《Journal of gerontological social work》2014,57(6-7):626-639
There have been few replications of efficacious evidence-based programs for dementia caregivers offered in community settings. This study highlights the replication of the evidence-based Reducing Disability in Alzheimer’s Disease program and explores the changes in outcomes for participating caregivers and whether those changes are related to level of program utilization. With data from 219 caregivers, regression results indicate that more exercise sessions are associated with a decrease in caregiver strain and more behavior management sessions are associated with a decrease in unmet needs after 3 months. Findings demonstrate how a multicomponent program can have positive benefits for family caregivers. 相似文献
475.
AbstractThis investigation into the cultural dynamics of gendered, aging bodies attends to a mediated representation of what contemporary biomedicine defines as pregnancy in “advanced maternal age” (AMA). We offer a feminist rhetorical analysis of an episode of TLC’s 19 Kids and Counting entitled “A Duggar Loss,” where 45-year-old matriarch Michelle Duggar experiences pregnancy loss. In the episode, age is reconfigured in discussions of AMA pregnancy through a metonymic substitution and slippage of risk discourses, pre-natal self-care, and technological interaction. Moreover, “A Duggar Loss” mobilizes strategies of expansive affiliation around and through reproductive choice, which appears to align with feminist principles of reproductive autonomy despite the family’s ties to the Quiverfull Movement. This work contributes to feminist studies of aging bodies by suggesting that representations of advanced maternal age pregnancy remain a central, yet undertheorized subject in formulating powerful trans-ideological affiliations that can undermine progressive reproductive politics. 相似文献
476.
Heather Price David Jones Jane Herd Alice Sampson 《Journal of Social Work Practice》2018,32(4):391-407
ABSTRACTThis article presents findings from a qualitative research study of the Mulberry Bush School (MBS), a therapeutic residential primary school caring for children with severe social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. The article notes the challenges of working with children who have experienced traumatic relationship breakdown, and reviews ideas and practices developed at MBS to support the children’s development. There is a discussion of the research study’s methodology and main findings. The researchers argue that the therapeutic milieu at MBS maintains a creative tension between a secure, playful context and one where emotional disorder and disturbance are not suppressed. The study describes how a particular psychodynamic model of reflective practice has been successfully instituted at MBS to create a ‘staff therapeutic milieu’ supporting the group living and group learning through which therapy principally occurs. The article closes with comments on the applicability of this model to residential child care practice generally. 相似文献
477.
478.
Previous research has shown that iconic gestures are effective at communicating semantic information, particularly about the
size and relative position of objects. However, the conclusions of these experiments have been somewhat limited by the fact
that the methodology has typically involved presenting gesture–speech samples on video rather than in an actual face-to-face
context. Because these different viewing conditions can impact on addressees’ behavior and perception, and therefore potentially
impact on the amount of information they receive from gestures, the present study compares the communicative effectiveness
of iconic gestures when viewed in a face-to-face context compared to when viewed on video. The results are quite striking
in that gestures seemed at least as effective, and in some cases even more effective at communicating position and size information
when they occurred in the face-to-face condition compared to video. 相似文献
479.
Rendall MS Ekert-Jaffé O Joshi H Lynch K Mougin R 《Population and development review》2009,35(1):89-115
France and the United Kingdom represent two contrasting institutional models for the integration of employment and motherhood, respectively the 'universalistic' regime type that offers subsidized child-care and maternity-leave benefits to women at all income levels, and the 'means-testing' regime type that mainly offers income-tested benefits for single mothers. Using the two countries as comparative case studies, we develop and test the hypothesis that the socio-economic gradient of fertility timing has become increasingly mediated by family policy. We hypothesize and find increasing polarization in age at first birth by pre-childbearing occupation between the 1980s and 1990s in the U.K. but not in France. Early first childbearing persisted in the U.K. only among women in low-skill occupations, while shifts towards increasingly late first births occurred in clerical/secretarial occupations and above. Increases in age at first birth occurred across all occupations in France, but this was still much earlier on average than for all but low-skill British mothers. 相似文献
480.
Seipke HL 《Journal of women & aging》2008,20(1-2):131-148
Through the use of in-depth interviews this study examines elderly women's communication about transitioning to assisted living and personal sense of self. A combination of communication and aging theory and socio historical factors aid in understanding the communication elderly women use to describe themselves within the context of life events prior to and after becoming an assisted living resident. Findings reveal that decrease in long-standing feminine sphere (traditionally female household) tasks due to the transition to assisted living is the major factor leading to the inability to communicate the sense of self. Inability to adjust and accept the downsizing of feminine sphere activities leads to several mental, physical and social implications. 相似文献