近20年来中国人口老龄化的区域差异及其演化

文章借助各省区人口老龄化的演变过程及其与本地区经济的发展相关程度变化,来判别中国是否出现"未富先老"、"城乡倒置"或"人口红利"消失阻滞经济发展以及区域差异化演变等问题。通过一系列的数据分析发现:(1)中国各省区的人口老龄化演变阶段差异很大,但基本没有出现"未富先老",人口老龄化并没有妨碍经济发展,这既与经济转型、开放经济等有关,也符合全球人口老龄化演化的一般规律;(2)勾画中国各省区人口老龄化演变特征,可将其划分成四类不同的人口老龄化类型,其演变历程的地域推移与地域集聚现象十分明显。就目前的演变过程来看,中国人口老龄化与地区经济发展有明显相关性,经济发展成为中国人口老龄化的重要推动因素之一。     

21世纪中国人口负增长惯性初探

本文计算了中国1950～2006年期间的人口内在自然增长率,发现早在1990年时内在增长率就已经由正变负。并且通过该指标与人口自然增长率的比较发现,中国过去十几年的低生育率正在逐渐累积起人口负增长惯性。此外,本文基于不同的模拟方案结果揭示出,人口负增长惯性将会对未来中国人口规模和年龄结构有重大影响。本研究旨在说明,中国人口发展处于转折的关键时期,应当充分认识低生育率下的人口负增长惯性问题,有关人口决策必须尊重人口发展的内在规律。     

Abstracts

Benedek, E. P. & Benedek, R. S. Joint custody: Solution or illusion?American Journal of Psychiatry, Bennett, M. J. & Wisneski, M. J. Continuous psychotherapy within an HMO. American Journal of Psychiatry, DiBella, A. W. Family psychotherapy with the homosexual family: A community psychiatry approach to homosexuality. Community Mental Health Journal, Green R. J., Ferguson, L. R. Framo, J. L. Shapiro, R. J. & La Perriere, K. A symposium on family training for psychologists. Professional Psychology, Ferguson, L. R. The family life cycle: Orientation for interdisciplinary training. Professional Psychology, Framo, J. L. A personal viewpoint on training in marital and family therapy. Professional Psychology, Shapiro, R. J. The problematic position of family therapy in professional training. Professional Psychology, La Perriere, K. Toward the training of broad-range family therapists. Professional Psychology, Mirande, A. A reinterpretation of male dominance in the Chicano family. The Family Coordinator, Murray, M. E. Family character analysis. American Journal of Psychoanalysis,     

Abstracts

Fritz, G. S., Stoll, K. and Wagner, N. N. A comparison of males and females who were sexually molested as children. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy , 1981, 7 , 54–59.
Baisden, Major J., Jr. and Baisden, Joanna. A profile of women who seek counseling for sexual dysfunction. American Journal of Family Therapy , 1979, 7, 1 , 68–76.
Murphy, G. J., Hudson, W. W. and Cheung, P. Marital and sexual discord among older couples. Social Work Research Abstracts , 1980, 16, 11 , 11–16.
Chesney, A. P., Blakeney, P. E., Chan, F. A., and Cole, C. M. The impact of sex therapy on sexual behaviors and marital communication. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy , 1981, 7 , 1, 70–79.
Price, S., Heinrich, A. G., and Golden, J. S. Structured group treatment of couples experiencing sexual dysfunctions. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy , 1981, 6 , 4, 247–257.
Zilbergeld, B. and Rinkleib-Ellison, C. Social skills training as an adjunct sex therapy. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy , 1979, 5, 4 , 340–350.     

Abstracts

Freedman, B. J. & Rice, D. G. Marital therapy in prison: One-partner "couple therapy."
Gutheil, T. G. & Avery, N. C. Multiple overt incest as family defense against loss.
Hanks, S. E. & Rosenbaum, C. P. Battered women: A study of women who live with violent alcohol-abusing men.
Hooper, D., Roberts, F. J., Hinchliffe, M. K., & Vaughan, P. W. The melancholy marriage: An inquiry into the interaction of depression, I. Introduction.
Hinchliffe, M. K., Vaughan, P. W., Hooper, D., & Roberts, F. J. The melancholy marriage: An inquiry into the interaction of depression, II. Expressiveness.
Lennard, S. H. C. & Lennard, H. L. Architecture: Effect of territory, boundary, and orientation on family functioning.
Mendelbaum, A. A family centered approach to residential treatment.
Rudestam, K. E. Physical and psychological responses to suicide in the family.
Sigal, J. J., Lasry, J. C., Guttman, H., Chagoya, L., & Pilon, R. Some stable characteristics of family therapists' interventions in real and simulated therapy sessions.
Johnson, C. L. & Johnson, F. A. Attitudes toward parenting in dual-career families.
Rhodes, S. L. A developmental approach to the life cycle of the family.
Schwartzman, J. Systemic aspects of abstinence and addiction.
Walker, K. N., Rogers, J., & Messinger, L. Remarriage after divorce: a review.     

坚持与创新——中国共产党领导者人口思想演变研究之二

中共中央1962年《关于认真提倡计划生育的指示》文件的发布,明确了党和国家对实行计划生育的赞成态度,回答了社会主义社会是否要进行人口调控的问题。此后,中国共产党的领导者们在马克思主义理论的指导下,结合中国人口发展具体实践,不但坚持了对社会主义社会是否要进行人口调控的回答,并且对在社会主义建设中为什么要进行人口调控和如何进行人口调控进行了创造性地回答。他们通过对这些问题进行思考和回答所形成的人口思想和人口理论,是社会主义人口理论的重要组成部分,是对马克思主义人口理论的补充和丰富,是马克思主义中国化的重大理论成果。     

Building a Humane Society for Older People: Compassionate Policy Making for Integration,Participation, and Positive Ageing Within a Framework of Intergenerational Solidarity

This article explores the global challenge of population aging with a specific focus on the concepts of integration and participation of older people in society within the context of “realizing a society for all ages” as promoted by the United Nations. It is proposed that governments worldwide need to embrace new ways of thinking about population aging that include strategic initiatives for strengthening the social contract that fosters generational interdependence. The meaning of “positive aging” is explored at both the individual and social levels, with implications for quality-of-life issues involving intergenerational relationships. The point is made that while the promotion of positive aging is commendable on both philosophical and health grounds it can be problematic for those older people who for a range of legitimate reasons are unable to fulfill the notion of positive or active aging. The longevity revolution will require the emergence of a more humane society that undertakes to reconceptualize what older age means, together with exploring new ways of enhancing the citizenship status of older people through the development and promotion of innovative intergenerational relationships. A call is made for a wider engagement of the citizenry in the processes involved in the formulation and implementation of policy making.     

The conceptualization of mistreatment by older American Indians

The problem of how to conceptualize elder mistreatment goes back several decades, and is especially important for ethnic minority populations, who may have perspectives that differ from the dominant society. This community-based participatory research study, which examined perceptions of mistreatment by family among 100 urban and rural older American Indians, permits a rare glimpse into how Native elders themselves understand this issue. Here, good treatment was conceptualized in terms of being taken care of, having one’s needs met, and being respected. We found relatively high standards for how elders should be treated—such as the belief that an elder’s needs should be anticipated and met without the elder needing to ask—in the face of widespread accounts of the mistreatment of elders within the community, largely through various acts of financial exploitation and neglect. Substance abuse and culture loss were blamed formuch of the elder mistreatment occurring in contemporary Native communities.