Transition to university and vigorous physical activity: implications for health and psychological well-being

The authors investigated vigorous physical activity and psychological well-being during transition from high school to first-year university in a sample of 145 Canadian undergraduates. Participants completed retrospective measures assessing vigorous physical activity during their first 2 months at university and their last 2 months at high school as well as measures assessing psychological well-being. According to nationally recommended (US Department of Health and Human Services) standards, two thirds (66.2%) of students reported adequate levels of vigorous activity in high school, whereas significantly fewer (44.1%) met the standard during their first 8 weeks at university. One third of students were active in high school but became insufficiently active once at university; 33% were active at both times; 23% consistently fell short of recommended levels; and only 11% became active once at university. Students who had become insufficiently active reported higher levels of fatigue and lower levels of vigor compared with those who continued to be active.     

A Joint Stakeholder Learning Process in Participatory Environmental Ethics: A Case Study

There is a growing need to study the dynamic interdependence between business and society as a reciprocal relationship which ought to be supported and not constrained by refocusing on ethical values. Instead of describing how economic institutions impact society, the new view attempts to analyze how stakeholders‘ views and concerns affect business corporations‘ strategy assessment and formation processes. These processes can be enhanced by a renewed awareness of the moral issues at stake. The case describes the Norwegian aluminium industry‘s collective effort to gain not only deeper scientific insight into their impact on the environment but also increase their understanding of their stakeholders‘ concerns. As the analysis shows the process was definitely strengthened through what the author calls the principle of participative dialogue with stakeholders. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Pioneer artists and middle class settlers: Lifestyle variables and neighborhood succession

The theme of the displacement of early pioneers by later settlers in certain American cinema westerns offers an analogy to describe certain aspects of contemporary urban social change. The SoHo district of New York City represents an empirical referent, illustrating how an initial population of low income artists (pioneers) invaded a commercial and industrial area, converting business/manufacturing spaces to residential/work spaces. Their actions modified the area to such an extent that more affluent middle-class households (settlers) could enter and, in some instances, displace the earlier residents. This process illustrates the ecological concepts of invasion, succession, and adaptation, and helps explain the current patterns of neighborhood revitalization and gentrification taking place in a number of older inner cities.Albert Hunter, Herbert M. Hunter, Simon J. Bronner, and Gerald D. Suttles made a number of useful suggestions to this article. Amos H. Hawley clarified a number of theoretical points, and Robert B. Wolf made the paper more readable through his careful editing. Funds were provided, in part, from the Capital College Fund for Research.James R. Hudson holds a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Michigan and is currently Coordinator of the Behavioral Science Program at the Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057. He recently publishedThe Unanticipated City (University of Massachusetts Press, 1987) and continues his interest in the changing social organization of older inner cities.     

Determinants of mental health treatment seeking among soldiers who recognize their problem: implications for high-risk occupations

Although research has documented an increased risk of mental health problems among employees in high-stress occupations, little attention has been devoted to the process by which employees seek treatment for these problems. Using components of the Stages of Change Model (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1982), this study examined the correlates of considering and receiving treatment for such problems among active-duty military personnel in the U.S. Army. A multidimensional assessment of determinants of treatment seeking was administered to 1725 military personnel, along with measures of mental health symptoms and treatment seeking. These determinants were examined as predictors of considering and receiving treatment among a sub-sample of 466 personnel who recognized having a current mental health problem. Multinomial logistic regressions indicated that attitudes towards treatment and a preference for self-reliance distinguished those considering treatment from those who had not sought treatment. A larger number of factors distinguished soldiers considering treatment from those who had actually received treatment, with operational barriers and self-reliance being the strongest and unique correlates. The discussion focuses on the importance of what organizations can do to facilitate treatment seeking among employees in high-risk environments.     

Supply chain strategies for speciality foods: a Norwegian case study

Despite strong market interest in speciality foods, producers find market access and distribution challenging. This exploratory research includes a literature review and five case studies of supply chains relating to shellfish, cheese, meat, potato and miscellaneous speciality foods in the mid-Norway region. The study identifies key supply chain configuration parameters from the extant literature, and these are used to analyse the cases. The study makes three main contributions to the literature: an analytical framework for analysing the supply chain characteristics of speciality foods; important supply chain factors for accessing the conventional food supply chain; and five propositions for improving market access. We argue that the speciality foods supply chain should be configured according to these propositions to ensure responsiveness to customer needs and to strengthen market access.     

Internale und externale Entgleisungen: ein Derailmentmodell

A derailment is the apparently sudden and grave failure of a formerly successful manager. In this article we outline known risk factors and present results from interviews with derailed leaders. With these results a model of the derailment process was developed, which differentiates between two possible progressive forms. An internal derailment means, that the leader “implodes” and falls ill with depression or burnout; with an external derailment, managers “explode” and do much harm in their environment. Finally preventive possibilities and measurements are described, how companies can encounter the derailment phenomenon successfully, by using the operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics (OPD).     

Quiet ego,self-regulatory skills,and perceived stress in college students

Objective: Examine the unique contributions of self-control and grit subscales (perseverance, interest consistency) as potential mediators of the relationship between quiet ego characteristics and less perceived stress in college students. Participants: Data from 1117 college students were collected between October, 2015 and May, 2016. Methods: The sample was split randomly into exploratory and confirmatory samples. Multiple mediator models were tested with PROCESS module (SPSS v. 24) in both samples. Results: Hypotheses were largely confirmed with self-control fully mediating the link between quiet ego and perceived stress in both samples. Conclusions: Although many self-regulatory constructs may argue for their positive impact on college student outcomes, interventions that strengthen self-control, and not grit, may be most promising to reduce perceived stress. Further, interventions to strengthen quiet ego characteristics may be beneficial for strengthening self-control in college students.     

Addressing Emotional Communication in Family Relationships in the Treatment of Young People with Anorexia: A Case Study

Family‐based treatment (FBT) is an evidence‐based approach to anorexia nervosa in young people. Because it is not always successful, attention has been given to how families experience the treatment. A number of therapists have proposed possible additions to, or improvements in, the model. In successful cases relational containment may be achieved in the first phase of treatment. The treatment is often successful, but when initial goals, such as weight recovery, are not achieved, continuing to use the techniques described in the manual may become unhelpful. Sometimes therapists may need to address issues such as emotion coaching that are not specifically addressed in the FBT model. We describe a case in which the therapist addressed the family's emotional style in the first stage of treatment. This focus enabled progress to be achieved despite the adolescent's continuing difficulty in eating without parental support, and her escalating symptoms of anxiety and obsessional compulsive disorder (OCD). Therapy helped the adolescent and family understand that anorexic and OCD symptoms can be understood as a way of distracting from and managing distress. When this connection was made in therapy, the parents could help their daughter to manage distress in more adaptive ways. Parents may need help with their own difficulties in processing distress. In this case the parents needed the opportunity to resolve feelings of grief about a miscarriage in order to do so. We propose that therapy should address family difficulties with managing distress from an early stage.