A Realistic Path to Implementing China’s Budget Law

The core issue for the implementation of modern budget law is to optimize the satisfaction of society’s demand for public goods. The form of implementation mechanism that will best achieve this goal has thus become a major topic in the field of legal research. To go beyond the Anglo-Saxon budget model and construct a realistic path for the implementation of China’s budget law, this issue needs to be explored from the perspective of Chinese citizens in a way that safeguards the fundamental interests of the people and is premised on upholding and improving the People’s Congress system, so as to achieve a balance between internal and external budget allocation relationships. There are three routes to implementing China’s budget law: the political, the social, and the judicial. Under the first, citizens’ political identity interests are represented by deputies who oversee the budgetary powers of administrative bodies through the People’s Congress. Under the second, citizens individually or collectively participate, influence or even decide the allocation of public economic resources through dialogue, negotiation, reasoning and argument with the responsible budgetary agency in the course of the budget’s compilation, examination and approval, execution and supervision. Under the third, the establishment of a system for budgetary litigation allows citizens to participate in and supervise the implementation of the budget law, individually or collectively. This provides judicial security for the law’s implementation. These three realistic implementation routes represent the dialectical unity of concerted institutional effort aimed directly at effective implementation of budget law. Judicial interpretations of budget law implementation indicate the importance and urgency of promoting national governance capacity through reform of the legal systems governing finance and taxation. This explains the significant role of finance and taxation law in national governance.     

迪斯尼的制胜之道

迪斯尼公司的全称为The Walt Disney Company,简称迪斯尼,取其名自创始人沃尔特.迪斯尼,总部设在美国的伯班克,主要业务包括娱乐节目制作、主题公园、玩具、图书、电子游戏和传媒网络,并以家喻户晓的米老鼠、唐老鸭等卡通明星人物和迪斯尼主题公园驰名世界。迪斯尼以创造性思维为公司的核心价值理念,以创新、质量、乐观、共享和尊重提升自己的市场核心竞争力,以精确定位和广泛的品牌延伸构建完整的产业链,以充分开发品牌价值和整合集团资源打造全球娱乐王国。因此,迪斯尼被誉为艺术产业化、大众化的先驱,是全球服务经济发展的成功典范。     

政治性与政治:后原教旨主义的政治视野——以穆芙和巴迪欧为例

尽管政治性与政治的区分已经在西方左翼政治思想家那里得到了比较广泛的认可,但这些思想家使用这两个概念时,因其各自的思想而迥异.本文将这一对区分的渊源追溯到卡尔·施米特那里,并从一种后原教旨主义的角度对政治性和政治的区分进行政治解读,尤其是以两个重要的左翼思想家--穆芙和巴迪欧--作为例子,详尽分析隐藏在政治性和政治区分背后的左翼路径选择的差异.     

外语专业大学生听说能力培养模式探索

在我国现有条件下有效地培养外语专业学生的听说能力,语言环境是一个非常重要的因素,但又不是唯一的因素。本文拟以Krashen的二语习得理论及Canal＆Swain的交际能力理论模式为基础来探讨外语专业学生外语听说能力的培养模式,进而对外语专业听说教学提供一些新的思路。     

1978年以来中国自然灾害管理存在的问题分析

1978年以来,中国逐步确立了分级管理的灾害管理体制,并极力推进救灾社会化、科学化、法制化以及国际化建设,有效提高了中国的救灾减灾能力.但改革中仍然存在一些问题亟待解决,包括灾害管理社会化程度较低、城市防灾意识薄弱、减灾知识的普及力度不够、灾害心理辅导缺失、法制建设滞后、灾害保险制度不平衡发展、基层组织救灾能力薄弱,等等.     

A further examination of antecedents of correctional staff life satisfaction

Working in corrections is not only a demanding job, but a socially important one. While a growing number of studies have examined how the work environment impacts the job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment of staff, very few studies have examined how working in corrections impacts the life satisfaction of workers. The current study utilized OLS regression to examine the antecedents of life satisfaction among staff at a Midwestern private prison. Job satisfaction had a positive relationship with life satisfaction, while age, work on family conflict, family on work conflict, and job involvement all had statistically significant negative effects. Finally, perceptions of the level of financial rewards, job stress, organizational commitment, gender, race, educational level, tenure, supervisory status, position, marital status, and having children, all had non-significant associations with overall satisfaction with life.     

论对外汉语专业教育的国际化

对外汉语是一个非常特殊的专业。其特殊的专业性质，决定该专业必然要走上教育国际化之路。专业教育国际化是对外汉语自身发展的客观需要，是汉语国际推广背景下对外汉语专业建设的必然选择，是解决国外“汉语教师荒”与国内对外汉语专业学生就业难矛盾的必由之路，是全面推进高等教育国际化的现实选择。目前对外汉语专业教育中普遍存在着专业目标不明确、对外语教学重视不够、缺少实践环节、就业渠道不畅通等问题，应该从优化课程设置、开展全外语或双语教学、加强同国外高校的合作、加快师资培训的国际化等方面加快对外汉语专业教育的国际化进程。     

Assessment of Catastrophic Risk Using Bayesian Network Constructed from Domain Knowledge and Spatial Data

Prediction of natural disasters and their consequences is difficult due to the uncertainties and complexity of multiple related factors. This article explores the use of domain knowledge and spatial data to construct a Bayesian network (BN) that facilitates the integration of multiple factors and quantification of uncertainties within a consistent system for assessment of catastrophic risk. A BN is chosen due to its advantages such as merging multiple source data and domain knowledge in a consistent system, learning from the data set, inference with missing data, and support of decision making. A key advantage of our methodology is the combination of domain knowledge and learning from the data to construct a robust network. To improve the assessment, we employ spatial data analysis and data mining to extend the training data set, select risk factors, and fine‐tune the network. Another major advantage of our methodology is the integration of an optimal discretizer, informative feature selector, learners, search strategies for local topologies, and Bayesian model averaging. These techniques all contribute to a robust prediction of risk probability of natural disasters. In the flood disaster's study, our methodology achieved a better probability of detection of high risk, a better precision, and a better ROC area compared with other methods, using both cross‐validation and prediction of catastrophic risk based on historic data. Our results suggest that BN is a good alternative for risk assessment and as a decision tool in the management of catastrophic risk.     

Bayesian quantile regression for single-index models

Using an asymmetric Laplace distribution, which provides a mechanism for Bayesian inference of quantile regression models, we develop a fully Bayesian approach to fitting single-index models in conditional quantile regression. In this work, we use a Gaussian process prior for the unknown nonparametric link function and a Laplace distribution on the index vector, with the latter motivated by the recent popularity of the Bayesian lasso idea. We design a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for posterior inference. Careful consideration of the singularity of the kernel matrix, and tractability of some of the full conditional distributions leads to a partially collapsed approach where the nonparametric link function is integrated out in some of the sampling steps. Our simulations demonstrate the superior performance of the Bayesian method versus the frequentist approach. The method is further illustrated by an application to the hurricane data.     

《唐山大地震》凸显的女性权利意识探究

女性权利意识既是作为女性对自身的性别角色认同下的权利认知、主张和要求,也是作为社会中的人对权利的认知、主张和要求。影片《唐山大地震》中,女主角的权利意识观照出现实世界的女性权利意识,是现实中女性争取自身权利的潜意识表征。法治社会应该为女性的社会权利实现提供更多的途径。