压强和温度对薄膜折射率的影响模型

基于膜分子和气相分子在沉积时竞争的观点,得到压强和温度对薄膜折射率影响的理论模型.模型的研究表明,薄膜折射率随真空压强的增加而降低;并随沉积温度的增加而增加.在不同真空压强和不同沉积温度下制备了氧化锆薄膜,计算了样品的折射率,结果显示的规律和理论模型的规律基本一致.     

Unit root tests: the autoregressive approach in comparison with the periodogram regression

In Monte Carlo sudies we investigate unit root tests in line with Dickey/Fuller (1979). In case of positively autocorrelated MA(1) residuals their experimental power is extremely poor. Next we compare different versions of periodogram regression suggested in the literature. Their experimental behaviour is investigated with fractionally integrated processes. It is demonstrated how unit root tests may be based on periodogram regression. There is simulation evidence that those tests may do better in terms of power than the autoregressive tests, especially when testing ARMA(1,1) series against a linear time trend.     

Hellinger distances and α-entropy in a one-parameter class of density functions

Hellinger distances are considered as measures of distance between density functions, and an inequality concerning different Hellinger distances is proved. Distance measures based on the α-entropy are proposed, and their relationship to a Hellinger distance is shown. Furthermore explicit expressions for the distance measures examined are derived in a one—parameter class of density functions, including Weibull, Gamma, and Maxwell distributions.     

Demography of Indian aging, 2001-2051

India is the second largest country in the world, with 72 million elderly persons above 60 years of age as of 2001, compared to China's 127 million. One of the objectives of this paper is to assess the emerging scenario of elderly for the first half of the 21st century. According to projections, the elderly in the age group 60 and above is expected to increase from 71 million in 2001 to 179 million in 2031, and further to 301 million in 2051; in the case of those 70 years and older, they are projected to increase from 27 million in 2001 to 132 million in 2051. Among the elderly persons 80 and above, they are likely to improve their numbers from 5.4 million in 2021 to 32.0 million in 2051. The increasing number and proportion of elderly will have a direct impact on the demand for health services and pension and social security payments. Mobilizing resources for geriatric care and providing sufficient maintenance for the elderly will emerge as a major responsibility for heath-care providers and pension economists.     

Union Stability and Stepfamily Fertility in Austria,Finland, France &; West Germany

In this paper, we test the hypothesis that unique effects of stepfamily composition on union fertility are confounded with differences between stepfamilies and couples without stepchildren in the risk of union disruption. We use birth and union histories from Fertility and Family Surveys in Austria, Finland, France and West Germany. The risks of a union birth and separation are modeled simultaneously, allowing for the potential effects of unobserved predispositions to have a child or to separate on the other event. We test hypotheses drawn from the value of first and second shared births to couples: Net of the couple’s combined parity, the birth risk will be greater if the child is (a) the first in a union, (b) the first biological child for one of the partners, or (c) the second child in a union.Henz, U. et Thomson, E., 2005. Stabilité des unions et fécondité des familles recomposées en Autriche, Finlande, France et Allemagne de l’ouest, Revue Européenne de Démographie, 21: 3–29.     

南宋巴蜀散文(上)

南宋巴蜀散文作家林立 ,著述颇丰 ,体裁上以奏疏政论为主体 ,内容上以忧国忧民、救亡图存为旨归 ,文风通俗质朴 ,犀利简明 ,沉郁悲愤。字里行间 ,忧心如焚 ,忠心可鉴 ,全面展现了四川乃至全国军民抗击强虏的英雄史、腐败朝廷苟且偷安的衰亡史 ,体现了中国知识分子及广大军民的民族魂、爱国心和亡国痛     

Colonial Governmentality and the Public Sphere in India

Colonial governmentality in India reconstituted the public sphere. New political rationalities that constituted modern governmental power and the liberal technologies of government effected a new conception of economy and society. Governmentality's governance of colonial conduct in an improving direction socialized native public opinion to question the legitimacy of the colonial covenant. As native opinion against colonial rule sharpened, colonial liberalism had often to make a volte-face of its liberal principle and was forced to suppress public opinion. Gandhi alone sought to overturn colonial governmentality and in doing so, provided a conception of public opinion that could transcend the limits of liberal reason.     

《人权概念起源》随想

人权是一个发展的概念,并不是一个逻辑的、先验的抽象概念,将其与具体的历史形态相联系有助于人权悖论之解决.文章简要介绍了马克思主义人权理论的基本特点,并且对不同地域文化背景下的中西方人权观念作了比较.事实上,在一个自然经济为基础的伦理社会,根本不可能产生人权的概念.