论我国国家赔偿标准的提高

国家赔偿标准过低是我国《国家赔偿法》的一大问题。应采用补偿性和惩罚性相结合的原则确立赔偿标准。本文从公民人身自由权、公民生命健康权、财产权、精神损害赔偿4个方面对赔偿标准的提高进行了具体研究。通过和民事赔偿标准的比较,提出国家赔偿标准应具有合理性和可执行性,结合适用法定标准,尽可能地对受害人的实际损失进行完全赔偿。同时,对有关突出问题,提出了具体的修改建议。     

不容忽视的翻译教学环节--浅析对比分析在翻译教学中的运用

在翻译教学中,翻译技巧的讲授一直占有重要的地位,但是,为什么要使用某种技巧,在何种情况下使用恰当的技巧等问题却没有足够的重视.在分析教学中的实例后认为,对比分析应当作为翻译教学中的一个重要环节,它对于启发学生自觉、合理地运用各种翻译技巧有着重要的意义.     

Bootstrap Estimation of Benchmark Doses and Confidence Limits with Clustered Quantal Data

The benchmark dose (BMD) is an exposure level that would induce a small risk increase (BMR level) above the background. The BMD approach to deriving a reference dose for risk assessment of noncancer effects is advantageous in that the estimate of BMD is not restricted to experimental doses and utilizes most available dose-response information. To quantify statistical uncertainty of a BMD estimate, we often calculate and report its lower confidence limit (i.e., BMDL), and may even consider it as a more conservative alternative to BMD itself. Computation of BMDL may involve normal confidence limits to BMD in conjunction with the delta method. Therefore, factors, such as small sample size and nonlinearity in model parameters, can affect the performance of the delta method BMDL, and alternative methods are useful. In this article, we propose a bootstrap method to estimate BMDL utilizing a scheme that consists of a resampling of residuals after model fitting and a one-step formula for parameter estimation. We illustrate the method with clustered binary data from developmental toxicity experiments. Our analysis shows that with moderately elevated dose-response data, the distribution of BMD estimator tends to be left-skewed and bootstrap BMDL s are smaller than the delta method BMDL s on average, hence quantifying risk more conservatively. Statistically, the bootstrap BMDL quantifies the uncertainty of the true BMD more honestly than the delta method BMDL as its coverage probability is closer to the nominal level than that of delta method BMDL. We find that BMD and BMDL estimates are generally insensitive to model choices provided that the models fit the data comparably well near the region of BMD. Our analysis also suggests that, in the presence of a significant and moderately strong dose-response relationship, the developmental toxicity experiments under the standard protocol support dose-response assessment at 5% BMR for BMD and 95% confidence level for BMDL.     

Community Development and Government Response

The article contrasts two programmes aimed at improving thequality of life for older women in Australia. The CommunityOptions programme is a wellfunded Government initiative directedat personal care within the home. The Older Women's Networkis a grass-roots community development initiative. The articleexamines the relationship between control and resourcing interms of preventative and crisis care.     

当前影响筝艺发展的几个亟待解决的问题

本文对当前影响筝艺发展的继承与发展之争的误区、有名无实的“继承”、萎靡不振的学风、走调的百家“争名”、贫乏的教学理论等问题予以针砭 ,并阐明了自己的观点 ,文中有破有立     

横向塞曼稳频He－Ne激光器的研究

稳频横向塞曼Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光器作为一种新型光源，具有功率大、频差低、易于相位细分的特点，因而能广泛应用于各种精密测量中．本文介绍了我们研制的稳频横向塞曼激光器，实验结果表明，其激光频率稳定度达４．７×１０（－１０），再现性达１．８×１０（－８）．     

Basic humanitarian principles applicable to non-nationals

This article examines the general status in international law of certain fundamental human rights to determine the minimum "no derogation" standards, and then surveys a number of formal agreements between stages governing migration matters, while examining some of the standard-setting work undertaken by the International Labor Organization (ILO) and other institutions. Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, proclaims the right of everyone to leave any country, including his or her own. The anti-discrimination provision is widely drawn and includes national or social origin, birth, or other status. Non-discrimination is frequently the core issue in migration matters; it offers the basis for a principles approach to questions involving non-nationals and their methodological analysis, as well as a standard for the progressive elaboration of institutions and practices. As a general rule, ILO conventions give particular importance to the principle of choice of methods by states for the implementation of standards, as well as to the principle of progressive implementation. Non-discrimination implies equality of opportunity in the work field, inremuneration, job opportunity, trade union rights and benefits, social security, taxation, medical treatment, and accommodation; basic legal guarantees are also matters of concern to migrant workers, including termination of employment, non-renewal of work permits, and expulsion. The generality of human rights is due not because the individual is or is not a member of a partucular group, and claims to such rights are not determinable according to membership, but according to the character of the right in question. The individualized aspect of fundamental human rights requires a case-by-case consideration of claims, and the recognition that to all persons now certain special duties are owed.     

The changing character of contemporary migration

"Although the flow of human beings between countries and continents has marked the behaviours of populations for centuries, present international migration is clearly characterized by a number of new factors which make it distinct from international movements of people in the past. This paper aims to identify such new factors relating to the underlying reasons for the international mobility of people, including the motivations of the individuals concerned, and attempts to examine the consequences as they are being faced by the individuals involved, the countries concerned and--in more general terms--the international community." (summary in FRE, SPA)     

做个身心健康的经理人“六法则”

一个合格的经理人身体要好,更重要的是心理要健康当今社会医学越来越发达, 不健康的人却日益增多, 尤其是背负沉重压力的职业经理人,他们不同程度地遭受着形形色色疾病的困扰:身体上的、心理上的,其实后者比前者更为可怕、更难治愈。衡量你的心理机能成熟与否,心理学家阿尔波特归纳出六条标准,可以作为参考。这六条标准是: