西方文论研究与翻译视野

近期,国内的西方文论研究开始出现反思趋势,西方文论本身也成为反思对象之一。反思过程中出现了对西方文论的一些误读,原因之一在于部分研究者可能忽略了自身研究奠基于译文之上的事实,将译文直接等同于原文,因而也可以说是翻译视野的缺失。在西方文论研究中引入翻译视野,即意味着基于译本进行的文论研究须与译本拉开一定的距离。翻译视野又包括转换意识、语境意识、差异意识三重内涵。转换意识即意识到译文是语言转换的结果,同时意识到由转换所导致的信息不对称性;语境意识是指意识到西方文论扎根的特定时空的文化形态及理论家的认知形态;差异意识是指对原作与译作所处时空差异的意识。翻译视野促使我们主动去了解西方文论在原语语境中的起源及发展,辩证地探讨其在译语语境中的适用性,有助于我们在西方文论译介热持续上升的今天,真正深入地理解与反思西方文论的内涵,更好地吸取其精华,批判其糟粕,推动中国文学与文化研究的发展,建构中国自己的理论体系。     

汉语谐音及其语篇衔接作用

首先扼要说明谐音的特征和属性;然后通过多角度分类对汉语谐音作了立体观照;继而在"独用型谐音"(不与其他辞格结合为用的)和"兼用型谐音"(与其他辞格结合为用的)分类基础上,全面考察了汉语谐音的语篇衔接作用;最后就谐音研究中本体与谐体的鉴别、谐音衔接在衔接系统中的站位、汉语谐音对于语篇衔接和话语组织的影响、汉语谐音与汉语及汉文化的关系,作了较为深入的理论探讨.     

论高校思想政治理论课实践教学的整合

"05方案"后,高校思想政治理论课实践教学取得了丰硕成果,但是四门思想政治理论课实践学时的分散性,导致实践教学在具体操作中存在诸多困难。为充分发挥实践教学的功效,应当对四门思想政治理论课的实践教学进行总体整合与具体设计。整合后的实践教学,实现了教学过程的优化,体现了现代教学理念,有利于采用现代教育技术。     

Investigating Possible Effects of Ethnicity and Age on Gambling as an Escape

Previous research has shown that there are a number of risk factors for disordered and problem gambling, including an individual’s ethnicity and age. Endorsing gambling as an escape has also been shown to contribute to and maintain disordered gambling. The present study examined potential interactions between ethnicity and age as they relate to disordered gambling, as well as if ethnicity and age would be predictors of endorsing gambling as an escape. Three hundred fifteen adults from the United States completed measures relating to gambling. Participants were grouped into ethnic categories of Caucasian and non-Caucasian, and age groups of 18–25, 26–35, 36–55, and 56 years old and above. Non-Caucasians reported more gambling problems than Caucasians. A significant interaction was found between ethnicity and age for 36–55 year olds. Overall, participants were more likely to gamble for positive than negative reinforcement. However, only gambling as an escape was a significant predictor of disordered gambling. Implications and limitations are discussed with the thought that these results are informative to practitioners treating disordered gambling.     

Comparison of Modes of Administration and Response Options in the Assessment of Subjective Health Using the First Question of SF-36

To compare two modes of administration (self-administered; by interviewer) and two response options format (using words; images of “facial-expressions”) of the first question of SF-36 (Q1SF-36), and to test its validity. We included 825 participants (20–90 years). Q1SF-36, using words or images, was included in a global questionnaire interview and at the end participants filled the SF-36. The agreement was tested by weighted kappa coefficients (WKappa). Classification Trees were used in the calibration of Q1SF-36 responses, with the physical (PDSF36) and mental dimensions of SF-36. Polyserial correlation coefficients and areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were used for validation. After categorization, using PDSF36 classification trees, the WKappa were 0.770 (self-administered vs. interviewer), 0.569 (self-administered vs. facial-expressions) and 0.566 (interviewer vs. facial-expressions). The WKappa between the PDSF36 and the modes (self-administered, interviewer and facial-expressions) were 0.784, 0.713 and 0.579 and the corresponding polyserial correlation coefficients were 0.784, 0.713 and 0.579. A good discriminatory power was found comparing the modes with the PDSF36 (AUC = 0.907, 0.923 and 0.827), but not with mental dimension (AUC = 0.538, 0.501 and 0.629). The Q1SF-36, by self-administration or interviewer, may be a valid alternative for assessment of subjective physical health, but not mental health.     

Combined Effects: The Influence of Organizational Form and Structural Characteristics on Contract Performance in Mixed Sector Markets

Social service contracting to nongovernmental organizations is popular form of privatization across the world. Although nonprofits are preferable social service providers for legal and normative reasons, governments in the United States increasingly rely on for-profit organizations to deliver social services. This trend warrants further exploration about whether nonprofits or for-profits perform according to theoretical expectations when they exist in the same market. This study employs qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to examine how sector-public, nonprofit, and for-profit-combines with structural variables to produce acceptable contract performance in juvenile justice programs. QCA is a discovery-oriented research tool that determines whether combinations of variables within cases produce a specific outcome and whether those combinations are consistent across cases. I find sector is not a necessary or sufficient predictor of acceptable performance on its own. Rather it combines with market factors to lead to acceptable contract performance. Combinations vary by sector, indicating that sectors behave differently in similar circumstances. The primary theoretical contribution of this paper is to provide a nuanced account of contract performance in mixed sector markets.     

International income poverty measurement: which way now?

We critically review conceptual and empirical issues surrounding the derivation of the international poverty line, expressed in PPP-adjusted dollars and linked to various rounds of the International Comparison Program (ICP). We find that there are some limitations in the current estimation of these lines, but show that statistically superior methods lead to lines that are relatively robust and confirm the $1.25 using 2005 PPPs and suggest $1.67–1.71 using 2011 PPPs (or close to the $1.90 proposed by the World Bank if we follow the World Bank’s approach of adjusting inflation rates in some countries); they also roughly confirm the current shape of the proposed ‘weakly relative’ poverty line. Using the new absolute line based on 2011 PPPs would lead to substantially lower poverty in our estimation. The extent of the decline depends on whether and how one treats China, India, and Indonesia differently from other countries in the 2005 and 2011 PPPs. More seriously, we note that the dependence on successive ICP rounds creates conceptual and empirical problems that have become worse over time so that we suggest that it would be best to consider alternatives to the current reliance on ICP rounds and the resulting PPPs. As a short-term solution we propose to fix the international poverty line in national currencies using either the 2005 or 2011 level; in the medium term, we argue for global poverty measurement based on internationally coordinated national poverty measurement.