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181.
The development of globalised supply chains is a major challenge for sustainability. For several years, there has been discussion within the profession whether and how ergonomics and human factors can play a role. Based on our research, we have identified five major challenges from global supply chains especially related to the social aspects of sustainability: (1) criteria for social sustainability, (2) the role of key performance indicators in the management of supply chains, (3) the constant changes in supply chains, (4) the challenge in establishing participation, and (5) the development of agency and regulatory mechanisms. There are obviously no clear and simple solutions to these challenges. One possible avenue for progress might lie in acquiring a greater understanding of the challenges from global supply chains and developing a strategy which combines social and long-term business sustainability. Starting from such a basis, the next step would be to find ways for the ergonomics and human factors community to create international collaboration which can impact specific global supply chains. 相似文献
182.
Little is known about the effects of financial insecurity on social interactions despite consistently observed income effects on social capital and a growing recognition of the potential importance of income volatility in affecting hardships, distress, and other aspects of well-being. We use data on women participating in a longitudinal study in the U.S. to investigate the effects of financial insecurity measured along two dimensions (safety nets and hardships) on two types of social interactions (participating in community organizations and having close friends). In auxiliary analyses we explore the potential mediating effects of mental health. We find that safety nets in the form of bank accounts, credit cards, and ability to borrow money increase both participation in organizations and friendships, whereas material hardships decrease friendships but increase participation in organizations. We find no evidence that mental health, as we have measured it, mediates the observed effects of financial insecurity on social interactions, although it has strong and negative independent associations with having close friends. 相似文献
183.
Dhaval?M.?Dave Hope?CormanEmail author Nancy?E.?Reichman 《Journal of Labor Research》2012,33(2):251-282
Education beyond traditional ages for schooling is an important source of human capital acquisition among adult women. Welfare
reform, which began in the early 1990s and culminated in the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation
Act in 1996, promoted work rather than education acquisition for this group. Exploiting variation in welfare reform across
states and over time and using relevant comparison groups, we undertake a comprehensive study of the effects of welfare reform
on adult women’s education acquisition. We first estimate effects of welfare reform on high school drop-out of teenage girls,
both to improve upon past research on this issue and to explore compositional changes that may be relevant for our primary
analyses of the effects of welfare reform on education acquisition among adult women. We find that welfare reform significantly
reduced the probability that teens from disadvantaged families dropped out of high school, by about 15%. We then estimate
the effects of welfare reform on adult women's school enrollment and conduct numerous specification checks, investigate compositional
selection and policy endogeneity, explore lagged effects, stratify by TANF work incentives and education policies, consider
alternative comparison groups, and explore the mediating role of work. We find robust and convincing evidence that welfare
reform significantly decreased the probability of college enrollment among adult women at risk of welfare receipt, by at least
20%. It also appears to have decreased the probability of high school enrollment among this group, on the same order of magnitude.
Future research is needed to determine the extent to which this behavioral change translates to future economic outcomes. 相似文献
184.
Norah E. Dunbar Matthew L. Jensen Debra Conly Tower Judee K. Burgoon 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2014,38(3):355-376
Videoconferencing (VC) is changing the way people communicate in a variety of fields including education, medicine, business, and even interpersonal relationships. In this study, we investigate the effects of the modality of communication, whether through face-to-face (FtF) or VC, on the ability of interactants to develop and maintain nonverbal synchrony. This study is an analysis of 101 interviews between students and professional interviewers in which some of the participants were induced to cheat on a task with a confederate. The results revealed that the VC modality hampered the interactional synchrony of the dyads, especially during the phases of questioning when suspicion-inducing or accusatory questioning was used. For global ratings of synchrony, the greatest impact of modality was for participants whose lies were not sanctioned by the interviewer, suggesting that the VC modality negatively affected the most skilled deceivers. In addition, interactional synchrony improved in the final, accusatory, phase of the interview when subjects confessed, particularly in the FtF modality. The effects of the interviewer and the question type are also discussed. 相似文献
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Stepfamilies are an increasingly common context in which adults and children reside. Past research has examined family processes that promote family resilience, such as dyadic relationships marked by warmth, positive communication, satisfaction, and closeness. What remains less clear is whether various profiles of dyadic relationship quality within stepfamilies exist and operate to influence stepfamily stability. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we conducted a latent profile analysis of mother–child, stepfather–child, and stepcouple relationship quality among a sample of 1,646 adolescents residing in married and cohabiting mother–stepfather families. Results favor a 4-profile solution, labeled high-quality, high-quality couple relationship, high-quality parent–child relationships, and low-quality. The identified latent profiles displayed differences with respect to family stability, or rates of remaining an intact family system 1 year later. 相似文献
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Maya Christiane Flensborg Jensen 《Culture and Organization》2020,26(3):211-230
ABSTRACTThis article explores how therapists when introduced as new so-called frontline ‘experts’ in home care work, become both discursive and embodied mediators for the managerial ideology of rehabilitation, and how their presence regulates the care aides’ subjectivities at work. We show how the managerial discourse of rehabilitation mobilizes the care aides to transform their identity from traditional nurturing to rehabilitation, as a result of promoting the latter as more professional. While the traditional managers/nurses promote the identity transfer through more classic discursive regulation at a distance from ‘the office’, the therapists do so through what we label performative regulation. Performative regulation is exercised by the therapists performing the desired role at the frontline and thus embodies the ideal and transfers it by embodied practices, not directives. With this notion of performative regulation, the article emphasizes the material, physical, embodied and performative dimensions of professional identity regulation. 相似文献