Optimization implementation of solution concepts for cooperative games with stochastic payoffs

Theory and Decision - In this paper, we study solution concepts for cooperative games with stochastic payoffs. we define four kinds of solution concepts, namely the most coalitional (marginal)...     

Procedural and optimization implementation of the weighted ENSC value

The main purpose of this article is to introduce the weighted ENSC value for cooperative transferable utility games which takes into account players’ selfishness about the payoff allocations. Similar to Shapley’s idea of a one-by-one formation of the grand coalition [Shapley (1953)], we first provide a procedural implementation of the weighted ENSC value depending on players’ selfishness as well as their marginal contributions to the grand coalition. Second, in the spirit of the nucleolus [Schmeidler (1969)], we prove that the weighted ENSC value is obtained by lexicographically minimizing a complaint vector associated with a new complaint criterion relying on players’ selfishness.

     

清季西北边疆史地学研究的学术成就与时代特征

清季的西北边疆史地研究是在我国边疆地区陷入全面危机的背景下展开的。虽然面临国难时艰,清季的西北边疆史地学却取得了丰硕的成果。然而,随着时代的变迁和封建王朝的终结,清代的西北边疆史地学也走向了终结,开始向近代历史地理学转变。因此,清季西北边疆史地学具有总结性和嬗变性的特征。     

农民工子弟的“圣诞老人”

Patrick用他的行动告诉我们,无论你是怎样的一个人,无论你处于什么样的环境中,你都有能力去做一些力所能及的事,为什么不立即行动起来呢？     

旅游信息资源供给模式研究

通过旅游信息资源供给背景与现状的整合研究,发现其存在问题。在结合国内外旅游信息资源供给模式案例的基础上,立足相关理论,提出了旅游信息资源供给模式的相应建议。推动旅游信息资源供给模式的创新发展,推动旅游产业整体的发展繁荣。     

Feature screening in ultrahigh-dimensional additive Cox model

The additive Cox model is flexible and powerful for modelling the dynamic changes of regression coefficients in the survival analysis. This paper is concerned with feature screening for the additive Cox model with ultrahigh-dimensional covariates. The proposed screening procedure can effectively identify active predictors. That is, with probability tending to one, the selected variable set includes the actual active predictors. In order to carry out the proposed procedure, we propose an effective algorithm and establish the ascent property of the proposed algorithm. We further prove that the proposed procedure possesses the sure screening property. Furthermore, we examine the finite sample performance of the proposed procedure via Monte Carlo simulations, and illustrate the proposed procedure by a real data example.     

Farmers’ adaptability to the policy of ecological protection in China—A case study in Yanchi County,China

Due to long-term human activities, grassland ecosystems have been severely damaged. To protect grassland ecosystems, the prohibited grazing policy (PGP), a grassland ecological protection policy, was instituted for Chinese grasslands in 2002. However, it is unknown whether farmers have effectively adapted to the PGP. The adaptability of farmers to this policy has directly influenced the effective implementation of the policy and the sustainable development of the ecosystem. Previous research on adaptability has not focused on the adaptation to political change. This article uses a case study in Northwest China to investigate the adaptability of farmers to the policy. First, we study the restoration status of ecosystems. In addition, this paper studies the perceptions regarding farmers’ adaptability to the policy and explores the adaptation strategies of different types of farmers. Finally, this paper discusses the main factors that influence farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies. The implementation of the PGP has achieved remarkable ecological benefits. Farmers of different types had different adaptation perceptions, and their choices of adaptation strategies also varied. In addition to the farmers’ perception of the policy, the main factors that influenced farmers’ adaptation strategies also included livelihood capital.     

烟草抗赤星病诱导中激发子对烟草几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的诱导作用

研究了激发子对烟草抗赤星病的诱导作用及诱导烟草几丁质酶、β－１,３－葡聚糖酶的积累情况．结果表明（１）激发子诱导后使烟草抗赤星病的能力提高５５．１３％,比水杨酸诱导效果低２１．８６％;（２）激发子诱导的β－１,３－葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶有明显的体外活性,二者单独使用时,酶活性单位分别为１．１６４和０．３１５ｕ,但二者混合作用时,酶的活性明显下降,活性单位分别为０．１２４和０．０５ｕ;（３）ＰＡＧＥ电泳显示,经激发子诱导后ＰＲ蛋白表达量远远超过对照,但比水杨酸诱导积累弱．可见,ＰＲ蛋白、β－１,３－葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶的积累与抗病诱导效果呈一致趋势,表明激发子诱导的烟草抗赤星病的作用可能与ＰＲ蛋白积累及这两种酶的诱导表达有关．     

Understanding the Dynamics of the Individual Donor’s Trust Damage in the Philanthropic Sector

Although trust is long known to be critical to predict behaviors in a charitable context, little research has examined trust damage and its effects on giving behavior. Trust damage is an intermediate state between trust and distrust, rather than a simple reversal or extension, and can change over time. Our research explores individual donor’s trust damage through a dynamic evolution. Across the longitudinal survey, we conclude that the trust damage of pre-giving, giving, and post-giving stage plays different roles in the decision-making process. Trust damage does not play a direct role in the giving intention, but it can indirectly affect giving intention through its impact on perceived benefit and perceived risk. Individual donor’s satisfaction has a strong effect on post-giving trust or continual trust damage, which in turn positively affects future giving intention and behavior. Several important insights for practitioners in the nonprofit sector are also discussed.     

外国反垄断执法机构的特点及对我国反垄断立法的启示

反垄断立法固然重要 ,但建立保证反垄断法有效实施的执法体制更为重要。已制定反垄断法的国家绝大多数依法设立了专门的反垄断执法机构。这些反垄断执法机构都具有地位高、权力大、机构精干、人员专家化的特点 ,它们工作都是独立进行的 ,大多拥有强有力的行政权、准司法权和准立法权 ,从而保证其有效地实施反垄断法 ,有效地抑制垄断 ,保护竞争。在我国反垄断法制建设过程中 ,应从我们的实际情况出发 ,大胆借鉴外国的通行做法和成功经验 ,科学设置反垄断执法机构 ,并合理确定其职权。应加紧制定反垄断法 ,并由该法明确规定 :设立“国家公平交易委员会”或“国家反垄断委员会”作为专门的反垄断执法机构。