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151.
Natural hybridization among wingless carabid beetles of the subgenusOhomopterus (Carabidae, genusCarabus) is reviewed, and its significance in the evolution of this subgenus discussed. Natural hybridization occurs between parapatric
species of similar size. Two case studies of natural hybridization suggest that natural hybridization could have affected
the evolution of this subgenus in different ways. When there is a large difference in genital morphology between hybridizing
species, interspecific copulation often results in genital injuries that causes mortality of copulating individuals, and hence
reduces the fitness of hybridizing individuals greatly. In such a case, hybridization may be effective in maintaining the
parapatric distribution of the two species, and in the long term, may promote reinforcement selection for traits which are
effective in prezygotic reproductive isolation. When the morphological difference in genitalia is not so large as to cause
genital injury, a hybrid population may be established at the intermediate zone between two parental species, provided that
the immigration rates of the two species into the intermediate zone are small. Thus, natural hybridization may have contributed
to both divergence and reticulate evolution in this subgenus. 相似文献
152.
Elizabeth J. Krumrei Annette Mahoney Kenneth I. Pargament 《Journal of marriage and the family》2009,71(2):373-383
This study examined the role of three spiritual responses to divorce for psychological adjustment: appraising the event as a sacred loss/desecration, engaging in adaptive spiritual coping, and experiencing spiritual struggles. A sample of 100 adults (55% female) was recruited through public divorce records. Most appraised their divorce as a sacred loss/desecration (74%), experienced spiritual struggles (78%), and engaged in adaptive spiritual coping (88%). Appraisals of sacred loss/desecration and spiritual struggles were tied to higher levels of depression. Adaptive spiritual coping was tied to greater posttraumatic growth. Spiritual coping and struggles each contributed uniquely to adjustment beyond parallel forms of nonspiritual coping and struggles and mediated links between viewing the divorce as a sacred loss/desecration and depression. 相似文献
153.
I. Manon de Groot Gerrit Antonides Daniel Read W. Fred van Raaij 《Journal of Socio》2009,38(3):509-518
The effects of different sales strategies on consumer product evaluation were investigated. It was expected that direct product experience could decrease economic product valuation. Experiments 1 and 2 studied the effects of product trials and money-back guarantees on consumer willingness to pay (WTP). It appeared that WTP was significantly lower after a product trial than with a money-back guarantee or normal sale. In Experiment 3 a structural equation model showed that product trials had a positive effect on attitude toward the product. Also, a negative effect on WTP was found when the effect was measured directly, but a positive effect when the effect was measured indirectly (through attitude). 相似文献
154.
Marisa?C.?Young Jean?E.?WallaceEmail author 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2009,30(3):305-319
This study examines whether men and women invest in different determinants of productivity and whether these investments affect
productivity and salary in different ways. Hypotheses are tested from human and social capital theories that include more
direct measures for family responsibilities and family-friendly firm arguments. Data from 670 law firm lawyers were used given
they report a standardized measure of productivity in billable hours. Despite men investing more in their careers and women
investing more in their families, both report similar productivity and their productivity is affected similarly by these factors.
In addition, equally productive men and women are paid the same. The findings further our understanding of productivity and
salary and the relevance of family responsibilities and family-friendly firms.
Marisa C. Young is a second year Ph.D. student in Sociology at the University of Toronto. She is currently working on a federally funded project titled “Investigating Neighbourhood Effects on Mental Health.” Her dissertation research examines neighbourhood effects on the gendered distribution of housework, work-family conflict, and mental health. Jean E. Wallace, Ph.D., is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Calgary. She has studied professionals’ work attitudes, experiences, and organizational settings for over 20 years, with a recent shift in focus from lawyers to physicians. Her current research interests include well-being, work-life balance, job stress, and coping strategies. 相似文献
Jean E. Wallace (Corresponding author)Email: |
Marisa C. Young is a second year Ph.D. student in Sociology at the University of Toronto. She is currently working on a federally funded project titled “Investigating Neighbourhood Effects on Mental Health.” Her dissertation research examines neighbourhood effects on the gendered distribution of housework, work-family conflict, and mental health. Jean E. Wallace, Ph.D., is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Calgary. She has studied professionals’ work attitudes, experiences, and organizational settings for over 20 years, with a recent shift in focus from lawyers to physicians. Her current research interests include well-being, work-life balance, job stress, and coping strategies. 相似文献
155.
This study investigated the relation between maternal contingent responsiveness and 4‐ and 5‐month‐old infants' (N = 64) social expectation behavior in a still‐face procedure. Mothers were asked to interact with their infants for 2 min (interactive phase), remain still‐faced for 1 min (still‐face phase), and resume interaction for 2 min. Mother and infant behavior was assessed for the frequency of infant and mother smiles, mother smiles that were contingent to infant smiles and infant smiles were contingent to mother smiles during the interactive phase, and infant social bids to mother during the still‐face phase. Hierarchical regression showed that mother contingent smiles during the interactive phase accounted for unique variance in infant social bids during the still‐face phase beyond that accounted for by the frequency of mother and infant smiles during the interactive phase. These results support the view that young infants' social expectations and sense of self‐efficacy are formed within their interactions with their caregivers. 相似文献
156.
157.
I. G. Lennie 《The Australian journal of social issues》1977,12(3):232-244
Technocratic social work conceived as the neutral application of professional skills has an inbuilt capacity for failing to recognize its social and political effects. Two recent books on social work exemplify this in countries as apparently diverse as Australia and Iran. 相似文献
158.
Summary ‘Predator-foolhardiness’ (Lloyd andDybas, 1966b) in an epidemic population of the sugarcane cicada,Mogannia minuta was tested by counting the number of successful and failed trials of hand-capturing of adults in the centre and periphery
of a heavily infested area. Males frequently failed to escape from capture in the outbreak area but they did not in the peripheral
zone. Females could escape well irrespective of the density. It was considered that the ‘predator-foolhardiness’ of males
is not due to genetic differentiation through the process of outbreak but to the effect of massive chorus on the escape behaviour.
The work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid No. 439017 from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture. 相似文献
159.
试论企业技术创新激励与约束机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
和云 《云南民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2001,18(2):30-33
由于缺乏有效的企业技术创新的激励机制和约束机制,致使相当部分国有企业缺乏创新的热情和责任,不能成为技术创新的主体,激励机制与约束机制是企业技术创新的动力机制,只有尽快建立相对完善的激励机制和约束机制,才能保证企业技术创新活动的健康发展. 相似文献
160.
It is usually considered that the proportion of handicapped people grows with age. Namely, the older the man/woman, the more the level of disability he/she suffers. However, empirical evidence shows that this assessment is not always true, or at least, it is not true in the Spanish population. The study tries to assess the impact of age on disability in Spain. Each gender has been treated separately because it can be shown that men and women have their own pattern of behaviour. Three different methods of estimation have been used to check the link between those variables. The results seem to support the idea that the relationship among age and the intensity of disability is not always direct. One of the concluding remarks in this analysis is that the method of estimation has a great incidence in the final results, especially in central ages between 20 and 80 years old. 相似文献