Community engagement in the Aboriginal Families Study: Strategies to promote participation

Background

Aboriginal women and families are under-represented in Australian research on pregnancy and childbirth. The Aboriginal Families Study aimed to investigate the views and experiences of a representative sample of women giving birth to an Aboriginal baby in South Australia between July 2011 and June 2013, using methods designed to respect Aboriginal culture and communities.

Mindfulness,meditation, and breathing exercises: reduced anxiety for clients and self-care for social work interns

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to identify and describe a teaching tool that supports social work student success in the classroom and in field placement. The project introduced mindfulness, meditation, and breathing techniques to 2nd-year master of social work (MSW) students in a group classroom setting and engaged students as they applied those techniques in their internship settings with clients. Students were introduced to mindfulness, meditation, and breathing techniques through lecture, experimental exercises, video clips, and case studies and used the group setting to learn to use those tools to add trauma-informed mindfulness interventions to the clinical techniques they concurrently practiced in field placement. Students learned methods to incorporate those interventions into their psychotherapy/counseling sessions with clients and discovered that mindfulness-specific interventions also helped regulate their own autonomic nervous systems, contributing to decreased anxiety. Thus, mindfulness skills taught in social work programs have significant multidimensional benefits; engaging a group classroom setting to learn to utilize mindfulness, meditation and breathing techniques can reduce stress and anxiety for clients and promote adaptive self-care skills for MSW students.     

Georges gurvitch and the dialectic of sociological knowledge

This is a translation of the “Preface” and “Introduction” to Georges Gurvitch'sDialectique et Sociologie, published in Paris by Flammarion in 1962. It appears here for the first time in English. The translator's remarks place Georges Gurvitch's dialectical method in an historical and theoretical context, and criticize some of the major assumptions of Gurvitch's position. I am grateful to the Librairie Ernest Flammarion for its kind permission to reproduce these pages. I wish to thank Ian and Evelyn Daix-Jones and Nathalie Babel Brown for their help in rendering Gurvitch's thought into English. The work is copyright Flammarian Publishers.     

歌德与“世界文学”

歌德对世界文学影响巨大。他的作品被翻译成48种语言,是各国经典的重要组成部分。歌德通晓多种语言,熟悉欧洲国家各历史时代的文学作品和形式,他翻译、戏仿或用这些作品的风格写作。《浮士德》简直是欧洲文学传统的汇集。歌德还对世界各地的民歌有着浓厚的兴趣,积极搜集欧洲主流之外的作品。他参与"世界文学"的最突出的例子是两本诗集《西东诗集》和《中德四季晨昏杂咏》。前者受波斯诗人哈菲兹影响,后者受中国戏剧和小说影响。歌德希望借文化了解来提高宽容度,他的"世界文学"我们现在称之为"跨文化交流",指一系列的全球对话和交换。在这些对话和交换中,不同文化的共性日趋明显,个性却也并未被抹杀。歌德通过广泛的学术阅读、文本翻译来了解世界上各种文化的观点,并宽容地对待这些观点,平静地接受或忽略它们。歌德赞同康德艺术和科学相互启发的观点。他的科学实践以及"世界文学"实践都是为了寻找一切生命体在不同中体现出的统一和和谐。     

以伦理视角审视气候变化的意义

气候变化的本质是一个伦理问题。气候变化主要是由发达国家或者发展中国家的富裕人群引起的,但是受影响和伤害最大的却是世界上的弱势群体,气候变化对世界上一些欠发达地区的人们而言是一种潜在的风险和灾难,气候变化的全球性特征决定了必须将其作为一个伦理问题来理解。以伦理视角审视气候变化具有重大的意义,任何国家在减排方面都负有不可推卸的责任。伦理维度是应对气候变化的核心。     

DECISION MAKING INVOLVING SEQUENTIAL EVENTS: SOME EFFECTS OF DISAGGREGATED DATA AND DISPOSITIONS TOWARD RISK*

This paper concerns human processing of disaggregated data in a business decision setting involving sequential events. Subjects currently employed in trust banking institutions chose between two mutually exclusive alternatives in a series of decision trials. The outcome for each alternative was the result of a two-stage process; an unsuccessful outcome resulted from failure at either the first or second stage. The probabilities of success at each stage and the overall (joint) probability of success were provided for each alternative. Participants showed strongest preferences for an optimal (expected-value) strategy in processing the data; however, significant preferences for two suboptimal strategies also were observed. Preferences for suboptimal strategies were influenced by the magnitude of differences in the alternatives' joint probabilities of success, by the magnitude of differences in the alternatives' stage probabilities of success, and by subjects' dispositions toward risk.     

CHOICE DILEMMA AS A PREDICTOR OF GROUP RISK BEHAVIOR1

Interest in the Choice Dilemma Questionnaire (CDQ) has centered around the risk shift paradigm rather than around using the CDQ as a measure of an individual's risk preferences. Using 45 lower and middle management bankers as subjects in a computer-based simulation game, the authors found a significant relationship (p < .05) between risk propensity of group members and an independent measure of group risk behavior. Thus, the CDQ may be a more general measure of risk preference than is commonly assumed.     

A Framework for Understanding Risk Perception,Explored from the Perspective of the Water Practitioner

Sustainable urban water systems are likely to be hybrids of centralized and decentralized infrastructure, managed as an integrated system in water‐sensitive cities. The technology for many of these systems is available. However, social and institutional barriers, which can be understood as deeply embedded risk perceptions, have impeded their implementation. Risk perceptions within the water sector are often unrecognized or unacknowledged, despite their role in risk management generally in informing value judgments and specifically in ranking risks to achieve management objectives. There has been very little examination of the role of these risk perceptions in advancing more sustainable water supply management through the adoption of alternative sources. To address this gap, this article presents a framework that can be used as a tool for understanding risk perceptions. The framework is built on the relational theory of risk and presents the range of human phenomena that might influence the perception of an “object at risk” in relation to a “risk object.” It has been synthesized from a critical review of theoretical, conceptual, and empirical studies of perception broadly and risk perception specifically, and interpreted in relation to water practitioners. For a water practitioner, the risk object might be an alternative water system, a component, a process, or a technology, and the object at risk could be public or environmental health, profitability, or professional reputation. This framework has two important functions: to allow practitioners to understand their own and others’ risk perceptions, which might differ, and to inform further empirical research.     

The ethics of tolerance and the evolution of smoking and gambling as public policy issues

Since 1964, there has been an expansion in the amount and the variety of state-sponsored and state-sanctioned gambling opportunities throughout the US. At the same time, the number of laws prohibiting cigarette smoking have grown enormously. It is striking how one of these activities is tolerated even encouraged by public policy makers while the other is rapidly being prohibited by them. This paper will examine this phenomenon in three parts: (1) defining what is meant by the ethics of tolerance and contrasting it with the ethics of sacrifice; (2) giving a brief historical synopsis of how the gambling and smoking issues have evolved over time; (3) drawing the implications of a shift to an ethics of tolerance on future public policy issues.