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81.
A key assumption of general strain theory (GST) is that various factors condition the effects of strains on crime. Past research examining this conditioning hypothesis tended to focus on youth samples and use gender as a control variable. Using survey data from Chinese female inmates, this study tests the strain–crime relationship posited in GST as well as the hypothesized effects of the conditioning factors. Regression results show that different types of strains have distinct effects on respondents’ odds to commit violent over property crimes. Conditioning factors are found to moderate the strengths of strains toward respondents’ likelihood to commit property crimes over violent crimes. 相似文献
82.
AbstractWe define the delayed Lévy-driven continuous-time autoregressive process via the inverse of the stable subordinator. We derive correlation structure for the observed non-stationary delayed Lévy-driven continuous-time autoregressive processes of order p, emphasizing low orders, and we show they exhibit long-range dependence property. Distributional properties are discussed as well. 相似文献
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86.
This article explores how professionals within the Norwegian immigration authorities conceptualise age when doing non-medical age assessments. By using social constructivism, which challenges an ethnocentric quantifying understanding of age, we delve into how socially constructed perceptions of childhood and adulthood manifest in assessment practices and the implications of these. By examining how applicants’ physical appearance, body language and life experience are used as an assessment basis, we argue that the ways age is conceptualised relate to Western ideas and ideals while overlooking other social and cultural backgrounds in which age is embedded. 相似文献
87.
This paper reviews the medical (salutogenic) effect of interventions that aim to improve quality of life. Review of studies
where the global quality of life in chronically ill patients was improved independently of subjective and objective factors
(like physical and mental health, yearly income, education, social network, self-esteem, sexual ability and problems or work).
The methods used were subtypes of integrative medicine (non-drug CAM) like mind body medicine, body psychotherapy, clinical
holistic medicine, consciousness-based medicine and sexology. In about 20 papers on QOL as medicine, in cancer, coronary heart
disease, chronic pain, mental illness, sexual dysfunction, low self-esteem, low working ability and poor QOL, the most successful
intervention strategy seems to be to create a maternal, infantile bonding induced by a combination of conversation therapy
and bodywork. The papers examined the treatments of over 2,000 chronically ill or dysfunctional patients and more than 20
different types of health problems. Global QOL measured by SEQOL, QOL5, QOL1, self-rated physical health, self-rated mental health, self-rated sexual functioning,
anorgasmia, genital pain, self-rated working ability, self-rated relation to self, well-being, life-satisfaction, happiness,
fulfillment of needs, experience of temporal and spatial domains, expression of life’s potentials, and objective functioning.
We found “QOL as medicine” able in the treatment of physical disorders and illnesses including chronic pain (Number Needed
to Treat (NNT) = 1–3, Number Needed to Harm (NNH) > 500), in mental illness (NNT = 1–3, NNH > 500), in sexual dysfunctions
(NNT = 1–2, NNH > 1,000), self-rated low working ability (NNT = 2, NNH > 500), and self-rated low QOL (NNT = 2, NNH > 2,000).
We found that QOL improving interventions helped or cured 30–90% of the patients, typically within one year, independent of
the type of health problem. “QOL as medicine” seems to be able in improving chronic mental, somatic and sexual health issues
without side effects. 相似文献
88.
Hildingsson I Cederlöf L Widén S 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2011,24(3):129-136
The aim was to identify the proportion of fathers having a positive experience of a normal birth and to explore factors related to midwifery care that were associated with a positive experience.
Background
Research has mainly focused on the father's supportive role during childbirth rather than his personal experiences of birth.Methods
595 new fathers living in a northern part of Sweden, whose partner had a normal birth, were included in the study. Data was collected by questionnaires. Odds Ratios with 95% confidence interval and logistic regression analysis were used.Results
The majority of fathers (82%) reported a positive birth experience. The strongest factors associated with a positive birth experience were midwife support (OR 4.0; 95 CI 2.0–8.1), the midwife's ongoing presence in the delivery room (OR 2.0; 1.1–3.9), and information about the progress of labour (OR 3.1; 1.6–5.8).Conclusion
Most fathers had a positive birth experience. Midwifery support, the midwife's presence and sufficient information about the progress of labour are important aspects in a father's positive birth experience. The role of the midwife during birth is important to the father, and his individual needs should be considered in order to enhance a positive birth experience. 相似文献89.
Telaye Fikadu MULUBIRAN Asbjørn KARLSEN 《International labour review / International Labour Office》2023,162(1):45-67
The authors examine the links between economic and social upgrading in a developing country with stringent industry policy and employment legislation, focusing on the strategies of local firms participating in global apparel production networks. Based on the 2015 case studies of five textile and garment firms in Ethiopia, they find that employment security and physical well-being were driven mainly by government labour regulations negotiated by local employers, workers and trade unions rather than by global buyers and conclude that upgrading and downgrading can occur simultaneously within a firm. 相似文献
90.
Søren Feodor Nielsen 《Journal of applied statistics》2011,38(10):2370-2371