澳门赌权开放带来的社会政治影响分析

澳门赌权从独家专营走向开放,标志着澳门博彩业从独家垄断走向寡头垄断,竞争的引入带来了服务设施与服务水平的大幅提高,同时推动澳门博彩业乃至整体经济的快速增长。但是一项制度变迁带来收益,也必然伴生出成本,同时经济制度与政治制度是相互影响的。本文试图分析博彩专营权开放后,对澳门社会政治带来的影响。     

How Do Individuals Apply Risk Information When Choosing Among Health Care Interventions?

A sample of 3,201 Danes was subjected to personal interviews in which they were asked to state their preferences for risk-reducing health care interventions based on information on absolute risk reduction (ARR) and relative risk reduction (RRR). The aim of the study was to measure the relative weighting of different types of risk information under various circumstances. The effect of presenting questions, and of explicitly formulating RRR, was analyzed. A preference for increases in RRR was demonstrated. There was a stronger inclination to choose the intervention that offered the highest RRR if RRR was explicitly stated. Individuals with more than 10 years of schooling also demonstrated a preference for increased ARR, but only when facing individually framed choices. In a social choice context, preferences for RRR remained intact, but the magnitude of ARR had no impact on choices. Results imply that social framing may induce a propensity to prefer interventions that target high-risk populations. Those respondents who had received < or = 10 years of schooling demonstrated preferences for RRR but not ARR, and no impact of social framing was observed.     

城市老公园改造老年人活动空间规划设计

改造城市老公园,使其环境优美宜人,满足老年人休闲、散步、驻留、娱乐和冥思的空间需要.从老年人的感性需求出发,关注老年人的视力模糊、目光迟钝、听力下降、警觉力和记忆力衰退、动作迟缓等行为特点;以老公园改造户外景观环境的人性化、弥补性和可持续性设计为出发点,对城市老公园老年人活动空间的设计理论基础进行研究与分析,提出城市老公园创造老年人的老幼和乐、休闲、娱乐、冥思和庭院主题的设计构成要素,从而为老年人创造温馨舒适、安宁便捷的城市老公园休闲娱乐场所.     

垫江牡丹主产区土壤重金属含量的分析与评价

采用环境调查的方法研究垫江牡丹主产区土壤6种重金属含量状况,依据相关标准,应用单项污染指数法和综合污染指数法进行评价,以便为牡丹GAP基地的建设提供科学参考．结果表明：该区土壤的各种污染物的单项污染指数均小于1,表明土壤无超标污染物;该区5．3％的土壤污染物综合污染指数大于0．7,小于1,处于警戒级．其余94．7％的综合污染指数均小于0．7,表明土壤质量良好,为清洁水平,符合绿色药材栽培的环境质量要求．     

The impact of cigarette quitting during pregnancy on other prenatal health behaviors

Several economic studies have evaluated the effects of cigarette smoking and quitting on other health behaviors such as alcohol use and weight gain. However, there is little research that evaluates the effects of cigarette quitting during pregnancy on other health behaviors such as caloric intake, alcohol consumption, multivitamin use, and caffeine intake. In this paper, we evaluate these effects and employ a genetic variant that predicts cigarette quitting to aid in identification. We find some evidence that cigarette quitting during pregnancy may increase multivitamin use and caloric intake and reduce caffeine consumption.     

Citizenship, Volunteering and Active Ageing

Many voluntary organizations depend greatly on the unpaid services of older volunteers, a significant number of whom are women. At the same time, shifts in welfare policy have been towards emphasizing individual economic autonomy and self-provisioning, often to the detriment of older, more vulnerable members of society. Using data from an organization working for and with older people in the North-East of England and through in-depth qualitative interviews, our study found that volunteering is an expression of citizenship for older people. In our analysis, we identify two strands in the meanings of citizenship for older people: volunteering as leisure and work, and volunteering as care and civic consciousness. These correspond with liberal conceptualizations of citizenship and republican models of citizenship. Data from our in-depth interviews demonstrate a strong commitment to society and fellow citizens among older people that counterbalances individualistic and instrumental reasons for volunteering promoted by the state and market. Our findings suggest that government views of volunteering as a route to paid work, as a panacea for society and therefore needing to be more 'work-like', are discordant with the perspectives of older volunteers. Rather than the neo-liberal views of the 'citizen-worker' or 'citizen-consumer', citizenship that is based on the 'common good' and feminist perspectives of 'caring citizenship' are arguably more beneficial to society. Finally, we describe the pressures and constraints facing older people that could discourage formal volunteering in the future.     

传统立轴式大风车及其龙骨水车之调查与复原

2004—2006年,中国科学院自然科学史研究所与台湾南台科技大学等单位在苏北联合开展中国立轴式大风车的复原与调查。项目已经在若干方面取得了进展:寻访到陈亚等当年制作、维修风车的木匠;遵循传统工艺和传统用料,按照1∶1的比例复原了一部具备实用功能的大风车及一部受之驱动的龙骨水车;考察了与风车有关的民俗。主要记叙此次调查与复原制作的过程,并初步探讨技术田野调查与复原研究的方法。     

Pluriactivity in rural Norway

This article relates the results of a study carried out on the roles and functions of pluriactivity in rural Norway. The study sought to define the effect on pluriactivity of the integration of rural areas into urban labour markets, international systems of production, and the changes in the sectoral mix in rural areas. The analysis is based on three types of data: a list of enterprises from the national register of economic units, the central register of employed workers, and information from local informants in the sample municipalities. The article concludes that the rate of pluriactivity among the rural population depends on the way in which economic sectors are classified. A further finding is that pluriactivity is an important feature of rural Norway, but is still mainly associated with agricultural enterprise. A final conclusion is that pluriactivity has other characteristics in larger labour markets than in smaller labour markets in rural areas due to the urban influence on the former.     

汇率风险中经济风险暴露的决定因素及控制机理

汇率风险中经济风险被认为是最重要的风险之一。经济风险管理的一个重要途径就是合理地降低和控制经济风险暴露。应根据经济风险暴露的决定因素,采取控制某一种外币的净现金流量规模,将风险分散于多种外币上,控制市场需求对产品价格及汇率的敏感程度、控制企业运营的成本状态、提高企业的风险管理水平等手段和措施,将汇率风险的经济风险暴露控制在合理的水平。     

"大跃进"时期"蚂蚁啃骨头"的机械加工方法的兴起

1958年,"大跃进"进入高潮,机械工业的发展呈现出诸多耐人寻味的现象。在当时特殊的背景下,"蚂蚁啃骨头"的机械加工方法得到了重视和推广。此加工方法涉及冷、热两大类的机械加工问题,其中"蚂蚁"主要是指所谓的"移动式"机床和"积木式"机床,而"骨头"则是指经铸、锻、焊接等方法处理后的大型工件。"蚂蚁啃骨头"的加工方法主要是依靠工人的经验所采取的一种代用的技术方法,它解决了当时机械加工行业的生产困难,但也被赋予了很强的政治色彩。这种加工方法从一个侧面反映了20世纪五六十年代中国装备制造的工业基础、技术水平,也展示出中国当代的政治、经济和文化等因素对技术发展的影响。