Estimating the prevalence of xenophobia and anti-Semitism in Germany: A comparison of randomized response and direct questioning

An experimental CATI-survey (N = 2041), asking sensitive questions about xenophobia and anti-Semitism in Germany, was conducted to compare the randomized response technique (RRT) and the direct questioning technique. Unlike the vast majority of RRT surveys measuring the prevalence of socially undesirable behaviors, only few studies have explored the effectiveness of the RRT with respect to the disclosure of socially undesirable opinions. Results suggest that the RRT is an effective method eliciting more socially undesirable opinions and yielding more valid prevalence estimates of xenophobia and anti-Semitism than direct questioning (‘more-is-better’ assumption). Furthermore, the results indicate that with increasing topic sensitivity, the benefits of using the RRT also increase. Finally, adapted logistic regression analyses show that several covariates such as education and generalized trust are related to the likelihood of being prejudiced towards foreigners and Jews.     

Family,activity, and stress reactions in exile

The possible protective effect of family and activity (including work and employment training) on posttraumatic reactions in traumatized refugees living in a host society was explored. A total of 966 refugees participated in the study, the majority of whom had been exposed to war and/or torture trauma prior to arrival in Norway. The study sample consisted of two groups: one had been referred to a psychiatric outpatient clinic for evaluation or treatment, the other consisted of refugees interviewed in connection with a health examination upon arrival in the municipalities to which they were allocated. The study showed that presence of family and employment/training had positive effects on posttraumatic symptoms regardless of level of traumatic exposure. But the results also showed that the higher the level of exposure to traumatic events, the stronger the effect of family (spouse and/or children) seemed to be. The study illustrates the importance of implementing psychosocial measures with special emphasis on activity and strengthening of family systems, in the integration of traumatized refugees in a host community. El artículo explora los posibles efectos protectivos que tienen las redes de apoyo familiares y el empleo/entrenamiento en las reacciones post-traumáticas de refugiados traumatizados residentes en una sociedad receptora. Participaron en el estudio un total de 966 refugiados de los cuales la mayoria fueron víctimas de varios eventos traumáticos previo a su llegada a Noruega. La muestra consiste en dos grupos: el primer grupo habia sido referido previamente a una clinica psiquiátrica para evaluación y tratamiento; el segundo grupo consiste en refugiados que habian sido sometidos a una examinación clínica llevada a cabo en las municipalidades que les fueron asignadas a su llegada a Noruega. El estudio muestra que la presencia familiar y los actividodos laborales/entrenamiento tiene efectos positivos en síntomas post-traumáticos, sin importar el nivel de exposición traumática. Los resultados también demuestran que los efectos de la presencia familiar en los síntomas son todavía más evidentes en personas que han sufrido experiencias traumáticas más fuertes. El estudio ilustra la importancia de implementar medidas psicosociales con especial énfasis en la actividad y el fortalecimento de los sistemas familiares para la integración de refugiados traumatizados en sociedades receptoras.     

A Logical Toolkit For Theory (re)construction

The social sciences have achieved highly sophisticated methods for data collection and analysis, leading to increased control and tractability of scientific results. Meanwhile, methods for systematizing these results, as well as new ideas and hypotheses, into sociological theories have seen little progress, leaving most sociological arguments ambiguous and difficult to handle, and impairing cumulative theory development. Sociological theory, containing many valuable ideas and insights, deserves better than this. As a way out of the doldrums, this paper presents a systematic approach to computer–supported logical formalization, that is widely applicable to sociological theory and other declarative discourse. By increasing rigor and precision of sociological arguments, they become better accessible to critical investigation, thereby raising scientific debate to a new level. The merits of this approach are demonstrated by applying it to an actual fragment from the sociological literature.     

新知识经济时代下我国人力资本优化研究

新知识经济时代,人力资本水平和结构已成为决定未来核心竞争力的关键,本文认为人力资源资本化和人力资本优化是实现我国经济进一步提升的有效途径,人力资本优化不仅是总量和纵向上的,更重要的是横向上即性别、产业、行业、区域间的优化。文章从以上几个方面对我国人力资本的优化空间进行分析,提出优化的维度分析框架,并指出我国人力资本优化的四条对策。     

我国银行兼并与收购动机的实证研究

过去十年,经历了并购浪潮的我国银行业发生了结构性变化。本文旨在探讨我国银行兼并和收购事件的动机。首先采用事件研究法,检验2003—2012年我国13家银行发起的71起并购事件的市场反应,进而采用横截面回归分析并购的动机。结果表明,在窗口（0,＋2）下,并购能给收购银行的股东带来显著的财富增加,而在窗口（－2,0）下,股东财富有所减少;产品和地域多元化对收购银行的超额回报没有显著影响;盈利能力对收购银行的超额回报有显著的正向影响,是中国银行并购的潜在动机之一。     

基于双目视觉的智能车辆障碍物探测技术研究

鉴于障碍物探测是越野智能车辆自主导航的关键环节,为此针对越野环境光照多变、地形复杂的特点,提出了一种适用于越野环境的双目视觉障碍物检测技术,即首先对系统进行标定和坐标变换,以抵消地形的影响;然后采用高斯滤波和有限对比适应性直方均衡化(CLAHE)对图像进行预处理,以削弱噪声、光照和对比度的影响;接着在特征匹配部分,用提取的图像的亚像素级Harris角点特征参与匹配;同时基于RANSAC方法估计基础矩阵,再通过对极几何约束匹配来提高系统的实时性,并采用连续性约束消除误匹配,最终获取环境的3维信息;在障碍物提取部分,则通过线性插值来构建车前环境的高程图像;最后通过边缘提取和形态学处理来最终检测障碍物。此外还通过不同环境中的检测实验,验证了该算法的可行性及有效性。     

人居环境系统生态流作用机制研究

人居环境各子系统之间或它们与系统外部环境之间,不断地进行物质、能量和信息的交换,并且通过生态流(Flow)的集聚与扩散形式联接起来,以此实现人居环境各种功能的正常发挥.将生态流的作用机制概括为人口迁移、物质循环、能量流动(消耗)、信息传递和货币增殖,并构建人居环境系统生态流作用机制模型,以此加深对生态流的作用机制的认识,有助于人居环境的优化调控和可持续发展.     

管理协同观的历史演进

现代管理中越来越多的出现诸如供应链协同、战略协同、企业文化协同、技术创新协同、协同商务、物流协同、组织协同等热点研究内容.将管理中的协同观按照历史演进逻辑分为协作-协调-协同三个阶段,并着重对各个阶段的研究内容进行分析,以期更好地指导协同在管理领域的应用和实践,并认识协同在管理领域发展的新动向.     

"艺术生产"——文艺传播的"新机制"

本文对随着商品化和市场化而出现的文学艺术传播活动的"新机制"——"艺术生产"理论作了较为全面的述评,主要就这一概念的创始人马克思的"艺术生产"理论的演变和发展以及当代中国理论界的认识、争议等作了分析评价。同时也简介和述评了马克思之后的西马代表人物本雅明、阿尔都塞、马歇雷、伊格尔顿的"艺术生产"理论以及当代中国"艺术生产"的实践运作情况。     

中世纪的国际仲裁及其历史遗产

许多学者认为 ,国际仲裁制度的发展主要是 19世纪以后英美等国实践的产物 ,与近代以前的活动没有太多的联系 ,而实际情况并不完全如此。通过本文的考察可以看到 ,中世纪的仲裁实践是非常丰富的 ,它从教会法和在中世纪复兴的罗马法当中汲取了大量形式上特别是概念框架和诉讼程序等方面的要素 ,这为近代国际仲裁制度的出现准备了条件