全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11821篇 |
免费 | 314篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
管理学 | 2014篇 |
民族学 | 64篇 |
人口学 | 1162篇 |
丛书文集 | 45篇 |
理论方法论 | 852篇 |
综合类 | 223篇 |
社会学 | 4966篇 |
统计学 | 2820篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 88篇 |
2022年 | 68篇 |
2021年 | 76篇 |
2020年 | 202篇 |
2019年 | 273篇 |
2018年 | 417篇 |
2017年 | 517篇 |
2016年 | 389篇 |
2015年 | 254篇 |
2014年 | 342篇 |
2013年 | 1966篇 |
2012年 | 452篇 |
2011年 | 384篇 |
2010年 | 311篇 |
2009年 | 298篇 |
2008年 | 267篇 |
2007年 | 316篇 |
2006年 | 297篇 |
2005年 | 278篇 |
2004年 | 253篇 |
2003年 | 216篇 |
2002年 | 249篇 |
2001年 | 302篇 |
2000年 | 266篇 |
1999年 | 219篇 |
1998年 | 157篇 |
1997年 | 156篇 |
1996年 | 159篇 |
1995年 | 127篇 |
1994年 | 133篇 |
1993年 | 118篇 |
1992年 | 169篇 |
1991年 | 141篇 |
1990年 | 131篇 |
1989年 | 136篇 |
1988年 | 126篇 |
1987年 | 109篇 |
1986年 | 114篇 |
1985年 | 134篇 |
1984年 | 132篇 |
1983年 | 146篇 |
1982年 | 117篇 |
1981年 | 108篇 |
1980年 | 104篇 |
1979年 | 101篇 |
1978年 | 98篇 |
1977年 | 87篇 |
1976年 | 78篇 |
1975年 | 73篇 |
1973年 | 69篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
981.
Britta G. Bierwagen 《Urban Ecosystems》2007,10(1):29-42
Human activities affect both the amount and configuration of habitat. These changes have important ecological implications
that can be measured as changes in landscape connectivity. I investigated how urbanization interacts with the initial amount
and aggregation of habitat to change dispersal potential, restoration potential, and the risk of spatially extensive disturbances.
I used a factorial set of simulated landscapes and subjected each landscape to habitat loss by overlaying 66 different US
urban areas. I used a common connectivity metric, CONNECT, to assess the magnitude and direction of changes for a range of
dispersal distances. My results show that the relationship between habitat loss and connectivity loss is non-linear and subject
to interactions between the spatial patterns of habitat distribution, urban morphology, and dispersal capabilities. The implications
of a given urban form vary widely as a function of habitat distribution and dispersal capabilities. This implies that impact
assessments, restoration activities, and conservation planning should consider historical habitat distribution when evaluating
observed changes in connectivity. While my results clearly show that more aggregated or continuous habitats are more vulnerable
to connectivity loss, this approach can also be used to identify landscapes where restoring connectivity will be particularly
effective, for example through placement of stepping stone habitats. 相似文献
982.
This article reports on a web-based vignette experiment investigating how likely subjects would be to participate in surveys varying in topic sensitivity and risk of disclosure. A total of 3,672 participants each responded to a series of eight vignettes, along with a variety of background questions, concerns about confidentiality, trust in various institutions, and the like.Vignettes were randomly assigned to respondents, such that each respondent was exposed to four levels of disclosure risk for each level of topic sensitivity (high versus low). Half the sample was assigned to receive a confidentiality statement for all eight vignettes, while the other half received no mention of confidentiality in the vignettes. The order of presentation of vignettes was randomized for each respondent.Respondents were also asked for their subjective perceptions of risk, harm, and social as well as personal benefits for one of the eight vignettes. Adding these questions permits us to examine how objective risk information presented by the researcher relates to the subjective perception of risk by the participant, and to assess the importance of both for their willingness to participate in the surveys described.Under conditions resembling those of real surveys, objective risk information does not affect willingness to participate. On the other hand, topic sensitivity does have such effects, as do general attitudes toward privacy and survey organizations as well as subjective perceptions of risk, harm, and benefits. We discuss the limitations and implications of these findings. 相似文献
983.
Byung-Cheon Choi Joseph Y.-T. Leung Michael L. Pinedo 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2011,22(4):797-818
We consider a generalization of the proportionate flow shop problem with the makespan objective. Each job has a processing
requirement and each machine has a characteristic value. In our case, we assume that the time a job occupies a machine is
equal to the processing requirement of the job plus a setup time that is equal to the characteristic value of that machine.
In this paper, we consider permutation schedules and show that the problem is solvable in polynomial time when the number
of machines is fixed. 相似文献
984.
PD Dr. Christian Lüdemann 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2001,53(3):547-568
In this study the attitude towards the new nationality law in Germany is explained by a value/expectancy theory of attitude. 215 standardized face-to-face-interviews were performed with a quota sample. The results of this survey show that the value and expectancy theory of attitude is extremely successful in explaining the attitude towards the new nationality law. Models explaining the predictor variable of the attitude theory and a feedback-model were tested. 相似文献
985.
Contrary to Bourdieu’s theory (Distinction: A social critique of the judgment of taste. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard
University Press (1984)) that cultural consumption of so-called “high” versus popular culture is determined by socio-economic
class, Peterson (Poetics 21:243–258, 1992; Poetics 33:257–282, 2005) finds that higher income and education groups are more
likely to be “cultural omnivores”—consumers of a wide variety of both high and popular cultural goods. Omnivores were also
found to be much less likely to exclude other cultures and to be more open to, and tolerant of, the views of others than those
with narrower cultural tastes, called “cultural univores”. This article investigates the omnivore/univore hypothesis in a
South African context, using survey data collected from 500 attendees of live theatre performances at the National Arts Festival
in 2008. Multiple correspondence analysis (also called perceptual mapping) shows an interesting intermediate state between
Boudieu-like high culture univores and Peterson omnivores, which could have interesting implications for the development of
social tolerance in multi-cultural South Africa. 相似文献
986.
Falk Hüffner Nadja Betzler Rolf Niedermeier 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2010,20(4):335-360
Polynomial-time data reduction is a classical approach to hard graph problems. Typically, particular small subgraphs are replaced
by smaller gadgets. We generalize this approach to handle any small subgraph that has a small separator connecting it to the
rest of the graph. The problem we study is the NP-hard Balanced Subgraph problem, which asks for a 2-coloring of a graph that minimizes the inconsistencies with given edge labels. It has applications
in social networks, systems biology, and integrated circuit design. The data reduction scheme unifies and generalizes a number
of previously known data reductions, and can be applied to a large number of graph problems where a coloring or a subset of
the vertices is sought. To solve the instances that remain after reduction, we use a fixed-parameter algorithm based on iterative
compression with a very effective heuristic speedup. Our implementation can solve biological real-world instances exactly
for which previously only approximations were known. In addition, we present experimental results for financial networks and
random networks. 相似文献
987.
988.
989.
Yau C Papaspiliopoulos O Roberts GO Holmes C 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology》2011,73(1):37-57
We consider the development of Bayesian Nonparametric methods for product partition models such as Hidden Markov Models and change point models. Our approach uses a Mixture of Dirichlet Process (MDP) model for the unknown sampling distribution (likelihood) for the observations arising in each state and a computationally efficient data augmentation scheme to aid inference. The method uses novel MCMC methodology which combines recent retrospective sampling methods with the use of slice sampler variables. The methodology is computationally efficient, both in terms of MCMC mixing properties, and robustness to the length of the time series being investigated. Moreover, the method is easy to implement requiring little or no user-interaction. We apply our methodology to the analysis of genomic copy number variation. 相似文献
990.
Non-parametric Estimation of the Residual Distribution 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Consider a heteroscedastic regression model Y = m ( X ) +σ( X )ε, where the functions m and σ are "smooth", and ε is independent of X . An estimator of the distribution of ε based on non-parametric regression residuals is proposed and its weak convergence is obtained. Applications to prediction intervals and goodness-of-fit tests are discussed. 相似文献