Building a Values‐Informed Mental Model for New Orleans Climate Risk Management

Individuals use values to frame their beliefs and simplify their understanding when confronted with complex and uncertain situations. The high complexity and deep uncertainty involved in climate risk management (CRM) lead to individuals’ values likely being coupled to and contributing to their understanding of specific climate risk factors and management strategies. Most mental model approaches, however, which are commonly used to inform our understanding of people's beliefs, ignore values. In response, we developed a “Values‐informed Mental Model” research approach, or ViMM, to elicit individuals’ values alongside their beliefs and determine which values people use to understand and assess specific climate risk factors and CRM strategies. Our results show that participants consistently used one of three values to frame their understanding of risk factors and CRM strategies in New Orleans: (1) fostering a healthy economy, wealth, and job creation, (2) protecting and promoting healthy ecosystems and biodiversity, and (3) preserving New Orleans’ unique culture, traditions, and historically significant neighborhoods. While the first value frame is common in analyses of CRM strategies, the latter two are often ignored, despite their mirroring commonly accepted pillars of sustainability. Other values like distributive justice and fairness were prioritized differently depending on the risk factor or strategy being discussed. These results suggest that the ViMM method could be a critical first step in CRM decision‐support processes and may encourage adoption of CRM strategies more in line with stakeholders’ values.     

科学院大学的教学优势与发展趋势——以中国科学院大学为例

科学院办大学是基于探索研究型大学与科学院双边合作模式，尝试从科学院系统中走出一条研究型大学的独特发展之路，旨在推进科教融合。作对我国高等教育体制改革的一项探索，中国科学院大学在科研、师资、教学和就业等方面具有明显优势。但在发展过程中，科学院大学与现存高等教育体制的关系还需要理顺，招生规模还需要严格控制，以确保人才培养质量。探究科学院大学的教学优势，旨在发挥其资源优势，深化科教一体化人才培养模式，促进科研与教学的充分融合，实现科学院与大学共同发展的目标，使大学最终与科研机构不再分离——科学院成为大学的科学院，大学成为科学院的大学。     

论问题素养的创新驱动功能及教学培养机制

在问题与创新的逻辑关系中，是创新主体的问题素养内在而有效地驱动着创新。问题素养具有生命本然性、生活养成性、结构综合性、品质卓越性和人格指向性等丰富内涵，是由问题意识、问题境界、问题加工、问题体验、问题监控、问题解决心向等成分组成的系统结构，具有激发创新意识、引导创新精神、转化创新能力、承载创新行为和判定创新价值的驱动功能。问题素养培养的主渠道是课堂教学，应采取教学评价机制、信念突破机制、活动生成机制、模仿学习机制、专门训练机制和底蕴孕育机制，来培养和提升学生的问题素养。     

疾病防控与地域社会政治变迁——以余江血吸虫病防治为中心

1958年余江县在全国率先消灭血吸虫病，树立了全国“第一面血防红旗”，创造了世界血防奇迹。作为地域社会发生的重大历史事件，血防对余江县域政治演变产生了深刻影响。研究表明:高层领导对血防持续不断的关注和督促，为余江血防注入了源源不断的政治压力和政治变迁动力；历届县委、县政府都把血防作为“一把手工程”，视为“最大的政治”，使余江县域政治带有浓厚的“血防”色彩；县党政机构也发生相应变化，完成了血防领导机构的常规化和党政机构的血防化；余江是我国出台血防政令最多的县份之一，血防在余江县政治生活中占有极其重要的地位。血防塑造了余江地域政治特色，它使得余江县域政治带有明显的血防化特征。     

Longitudinal Links between Adolescent and Peer Conduct Problems and Moderation by a Sensitivity Genetic Index

The most extensively studied influence on adolescent conduct problem behaviors is peers, and the literature points to genetics as one source of individual differences in peer influence. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that an environmental sensitivity genetic index comprised of DRD4, 5‐HTTLPR, and GABRA2 variation would moderate the association between peer and adolescent conduct problems. Latent growth modeling was applied to PROSPER project longitudinal data from adolescents and their peers. Results showed the hypothesis was supported; adolescents with more copies of putative sensitivity alleles were more strongly influenced by their peers. The interaction form was consistent with differential susceptibility in follow‐up analyses. Strengths and weaknesses of genetic aggregates for sensitivity research are discussed.     

施工企业投标优化的问题与对策

通过对某大型施工企业多个铁路、公路施工项目部的调查，总结了企业当前投标优化方面存在的问题。针对企业以铁路、公路项目为主业的特点，提出了优势项目滚动发展、建立有效激励制度、做好投标准备、优化施工组织设计、应用报价技巧等优化对策。对于施工企业改善市场经营效果，提高中标质量，增加项目盈利有重要的借鉴作用。     

互联网环境下学术期刊防范学术不端行为技术研究

利用互联网环境，从技术的角度出发，对一稿多投、抄袭行为、剽窃行为以及捏造行为等学术不端行为的检测与防范进行研究，提出了各种操作上可行的方法。实践证明，运用这些方法，可有效地防范有学术不端行为的文章在学术期刊上发表。