从“教、学、管”三位一体探寻民族高校本科人才培养综合改革实施路径

随着高等教育进入大众化阶段,人才培养的数量与质量问题成为各高校的热点关注问题,而民族地区高校的人才培养综合改革受限于办学定位、区域位置、教育资源等因素影响存在特殊性。通过梳理民族高校"教""学""管"三个维度的人才培养质量提升存在的困难与问题,阐述"教、学、管"三位一体人才培养综合改革的实施路径以及改革实施成效,为同类民族高校人才培养改革提供路径选择。     

A Probabilistic Perspective on Re-Identifiability

A quasi-identifier is a set of attributes that can be used to re-identify entries in anonymized data sets. A group of individuals is considered about whom quasi-identifying numerical information is disclosed such as date of birth, age, weight, and height. The fraction of individuals is determined whose information is unique in that group and hence is identifiable unambiguously. Nonuniformity can be captured well by a single number, the Kullback-Leibler distance. For example sets of real microdata, given approximations based on Kullback-Leibler distances are accurate. Second, the effect of disclosing more specific or less specific information is analyzed experimentally. Third, the effect of correlation between numerical attributes is measured. A formula gives the re-identifiability level. The approximations are validated using publicly available demographic data sets.     

Working in the Social Services: Job Satisfaction, Stress and Violence

Correspondence to Professor Jan Pahl, Department of Social and Public Policy and Social Work, Darwin College, University of Kent at Canterbury, Canterbury CT2 7NY. Summary A major survey of the social services workforce (Balloch etal., forthcoming), carried out in the Research Unit at the NationalInstitute for Social Work, has produced new data about sourcesof job satisfaction and about the incidence of stress and violence.The survey took place in five different local authorities inEngland, and interviews were carried out with 1276 individuals,selected from four groups of staff: managers, social work staff,home care workers and residential staff. The results suggestedthat those who work in the statutory, social services do experiencemore stress and violence than workers in other parts of thehealth and welfare services. However, different jobs presenteddifferent hazards. In general, home care workers were the mostsatisfied with their jobs, and were also the group least likelyto be stressed or to experience violence in the course of theirwork. By contrast, residential workers, especially those withmanagement responsibilities, were most at risk of both violenceand stress. Men were more likely than women to experience violence,while other groups with a higher than average risk of stressincluded younger members of staff, and managers and social workstaff responsible for elderly people.     

Territorial bounds to virtual space: transnational online and offline networks of Iranian and Turkish–Kurdish immigrants in the Netherlands

Abstract In this article we question a central trope of transnationalism and new media – deterritorialization – and its application to border crossing Internet usage by Iranian and Turkish‐Kurdish migrants in the Netherlands. Their Internet usage indicates the extent to which territoriality channels these groups' online practice. We found Dutch‐Iranian sites reflected correspondingly sparse offline community networks and state boundaries moulded their transnational ties, while regionally specific transnational dynamics were evident in Turkish‐Kurdish website surfing. These cases indicate that transnationalism and new media need not broaden or dissolve geographical identity or connectivity, but may reinforce it. Finally, we address the relations of territoriality with generation (first and second) and network medium (web forums versus conventional sites). Whereas first‐generation migrants' life online often reveals extensions of offline networks, the online practice of the second generation frequently reflects these networks in subtler ways, forming partially sovereign online communities that pivot on hyphenated identities. However, the relations of generation and network medium differ for Turkish Kurds and Iranians in the Netherlands.     

Attitudes and Behavior: The Impact of Privacy and Confidentiality Concerns on Participation in the 2000 Census

To what extent do concerns about privacy and confidentialityaffect people's participation in surveys, in particular thelargest U.S. survey, the decennial census? This study presentsthree separate estimates of the effect of attitudes on behavior.First, it estimates the effect of privacy and confidentialityconcerns on willingness to provide an address to a Gallup interviewer.Second, based on the Census Bureau's matching of survey responsesto its file of census returns, it estimates the effect of privacyand confidentiality concerns on respondents' return of theircensus form. Finally, it estimates these effects in one-personhouseholds. It concludes that concerns about privacy and confidentialityhave a small but statistically significant effect in all threetests, explaining roughly the same amount of variance in the2000 census as they had in 1990.     

Comparison of Regression Curves with Censored Responses

Abstract.  In this article, we introduce a procedure to test the equality of regression functions when the response variables are censored. The test is based on a comparison of Kaplan–Meier estimators of the distribution of the censored residuals. Kolmogorov–Smirnov- and Cramér–von Mises-type statistics are considered. Some asymptotic results are proved: weak convergence of the process of interest, convergence of the test statistics and behaviour of the process under local alternatives. We also describe a bootstrap procedure in order to approximate the critical values of the test. A simulation study and an application to a real data set conclude the paper.     

挪威统计局的系统质量工程

一、引言挪威统计局多年来一直致力于改善统计数据质量。过去传统的做法集中在数据的最后把关上,如避免数据报表和出版的错误,以及改善抽样误差估计值的准确性。为此我们的质量概念变得越来越广泛。十年前的数据主要是满足计划和研究用户的需求。但过去的十年,我们已经逐步改变     

Measuring the Utility of Losses by Means of the Tradeoff Method

This paper investigates the shape of the utility function for losses. From a rational point of view it can be argued that utility should be concave. Empirically, measurements of the utility for losses show mixed results but most evidence supports convex rather than concave utilities. However, these measurements use methods that are either biased by the certainty effect or require complex parametrical estimations. This paper re-examines utility for losses, avoiding the mentioned pitfalls by using the tradeoff method. We find that utility for losses is convex. This is contrary to common assumption in the economics literature. Also, we investigate properties of the tradeoff method showing a new violation of procedure invariance. Our findings demonstrate that diminishing sensitivity is an important phenomenon for utility elicitation.     

Dynamic Prediction by Landmarking in Event History Analysis

Abstract.  This article advocates the landmarking approach that dynamically adjusts predictive models for survival data during the follow up. This updating is achieved by directly fitting models for the individuals still at risk at the landmark point. Using this approach, simple proportional hazards models are able to catch the development over time for models with time-varying effects of covariates or data with time-dependent covariates (biomarkers). To smooth the effect of the landmarking, sequences of models are considered with parametric effects of the landmark time point and fitted by maximizing appropriate pseudo log-likelihoods that extend the partial log-likelihood to cover the landmarking approach.