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191.
Union status models ignore the fact that rent-seeking prospective members have an incentive to bid up entry costs so that higher union wage gains make union jobs more costly to obtain. The standard presumption that higher union wages cause firms to substitute toward higher quality workers is shown to be incorrect under most plausible assumptions; the observed positive correlation between wage gains and the propensity to join a union underestimates the size of the true supply response. The union/nonunion wage differential reveals more about the social cost of unions than the gain to an individual worker from union membership. 相似文献
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Part II of this report will appear in the Fall 1984 issue. 相似文献
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JOHN PHYNE 《Revue canadienne de sociologie》1992,29(4):524-534
Les études portant Bur les fonctionnaires chargés de l'application des règlements indiquent que ces derniers préfèrent l'adhésion volontaire à la dissuasion. Les responsables de la pěche ctière à Terre-Neuve semblent représenter une anomalie à cet égard, car ils sont chargés de faire respecter la réglementation, mais ils recourent de moins en moins à la persuasion et de plus en plus à la dissuasion. Ce changement peut s'expliquer par le rle de l'État dans la restructuration de la pěche ctière au Canada. Le cas étudié montre que la distinction qu'on retrouve dans un grand nombre d'études socio-juridiques entre les responsables de la réglementation qui font de la persuasion et les corps policiers qui interviennent de fason dissuasive n'est pas acquise et mérite d'ětre reconsidérée.
Studies of regulatory officials have shown that there is a preference for compliance over deterrence in the regulatory process. However, fishery officers based in the Newfoundland inshore fishery appear to be an anomaly. While they are regulatory officials, their role has shifted from the use of compliance to the use of deterrence. This shift can be explained in terms of the role of the state in restructuring the inshore fisheries of Canada. Given this case, the common distinction between regulatory officials engaged in compliance and the public police engaged in deterrence, from the socio-legal literature, should not be taken for granted and needs to be re-examined. 相似文献
Studies of regulatory officials have shown that there is a preference for compliance over deterrence in the regulatory process. However, fishery officers based in the Newfoundland inshore fishery appear to be an anomaly. While they are regulatory officials, their role has shifted from the use of compliance to the use of deterrence. This shift can be explained in terms of the role of the state in restructuring the inshore fisheries of Canada. Given this case, the common distinction between regulatory officials engaged in compliance and the public police engaged in deterrence, from the socio-legal literature, should not be taken for granted and needs to be re-examined. 相似文献
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Nous presentom ici une Ptude des changements au sein du march6 du travail en ce qui a trait la segregation sexuelle. L'article debute avec des considerations sur la nature de la segregation sexuelle, puis un survol de la recherche canadienne et amPricaine i ce sujet. Notre analyse utilise les categories ocupationnelles du recensement, que nous pairons pour les recensements de 1931 i 1981. Les resultats de l'analyse montrent que le degre de segregation est demeurk trPs eleve jusqu'i la fin de la periode Ptudiee, bien qu'une certaine baisse soit enregistree dans les annees 1960 et 1970. Le pourcentage des travailleursl ewes occupant des emplois presque entiPrement skgrkgues a diminue. Cette tendance est plus marquee pour les emplois occupCs par des hommes que pour ceux occupPs par des femmes. Ainsi, la raison principale de la baisse du degre de segregation entre 1971 et 1981 semble Otre I'entree par un nombre significatif de femmes dans des occupations qui Ctaient jusque-la presque exclusivement masculines. Nous Ctablissons une liste des occupations ainsi towhees.
Following a discussion of the nature of gender segregation in paid work, and a review of American and Canadian research on the topic, we assess changes in gender segregation in the paid labour force, using census occupational categories, which were matched for adjacent pairs of censuses from 1931 to 1981. We find that gender segregation remained very high through 1981, although there was some decline in the 1960s and 1970s. There was also a decrease in the percentages of women and (especially) men in occupations almost entirely composed of same-gender workers. The chief reason for the decline in segregation between 1971 and 1981 appears to be the significant numbers of women who entered occupations that were formerly almost exclusively male. We list major occupations that are changing in this manner. 相似文献
Following a discussion of the nature of gender segregation in paid work, and a review of American and Canadian research on the topic, we assess changes in gender segregation in the paid labour force, using census occupational categories, which were matched for adjacent pairs of censuses from 1931 to 1981. We find that gender segregation remained very high through 1981, although there was some decline in the 1960s and 1970s. There was also a decrease in the percentages of women and (especially) men in occupations almost entirely composed of same-gender workers. The chief reason for the decline in segregation between 1971 and 1981 appears to be the significant numbers of women who entered occupations that were formerly almost exclusively male. We list major occupations that are changing in this manner. 相似文献
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