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981.
982.
Michelle A. M. Lueck 《The American Sociologist》2007,38(3):250-261
Hope is a crucial component of agency involving the setting of goals, visualization of obstacles, and increasing willpower
in the effort of achieving a desired goal. This hope is not simply optimism and is potentially a bridge between structure
and agency. Yet, the powers of hope in sociology have been greatly unexplored including the ability of collective hope to
create social change. This lack of hope is particularly poignant in environmental sociology as the sub-discipline looks for
solutions to some of the greatest challenges humanity and the planet faces. This article discusses the undercurrent of pessimism
in environmental sociology and calls for the integration of hope as it is necessary for generating potential social environmental
change. 相似文献
983.
Miklós Hadas 《The American Sociologist》2007,38(3):309-322
We can only welcome the discourse that has been initiated in our professional community with the concept of public sociology
in the focus. Undoubtedly, Michael Burawoy has indisputable merits in fuelling this international dialogue. I find, however,
that his position and conceptual framework is debatable at several points, therefore my review is on the side of those who
criticize his ideas. My paper is divided into three parts: in keeping with the idea that the drop mirrors the ocean, I will
start with the detailed critique of a single paragraph—the one which makes comments on his table entitled Types of sociological knowledge. It will be argued that by switching his viewpoints and using vaguely defined notions without empirical evidences he often
tackles his subject inconsistently. Secondly, I intend to offer an alternative, three-dimensional conceptual model in which
the social scientist’s prestige, influence and position on the action chain is taken into account as the main analytical aspects
of the relationship between her/him and the public. Finally, based on this model, I propose to identify some strategies in
order to find a better balance between the public and professional activity of social scientists. 相似文献
984.
Meso history is that branch of the history of sociology that focuses on social relations, that is, patterns of connection among groups, group members, and group meanings, as explanatory factors in the shaping of sociology. The methodology of meso
history consists of strategies for discovering, documenting and patterning connections. This paper explores those strategies
in terms of three moments generic to the research process in social science– moments of movement from intellectual curiosity
to conceptualization, from research question to data collection and from data to presentation of findings–focusing on the
distinctive permutations on this research process that occur in the practice of meso history. 相似文献
985.
986.
Traditional theories of welfare state development divide into two camps: societal accounts and institutional accounts. The aim of the present article is to amend and enrich the institutional approach to US social policy by reconsidering key aspects of the genesis of the American welfare state: 1) showing that concepts such as 'policy feedback' and 'path dependence' need to be extended to encompass the effect of private social policies; and 2) taking policy paradigms and agenda setting more seriously than is the norm in institutional scholarship. The empirical analysis is divided into two parts. The first part explores the activities of the American Association for Labor Legislation (AALL) in the decade beginning in 1910 and the genesis of Social Security in the 1930s, while the second part examines the effect of the private benefit developments on policy choices between 1935 and 1965. 相似文献
987.
Let X
1, X
2,... be iid random variables (rv's) with the support on nonnegative integers and let (W
n
, n≥0) denote the corresponding sequence of weak record values. We obtain new characterization of geometric and some other discrete
distributions based on different forms of partial independence of rv's W
n
and W
n+r
—W
n
for some fixed n≥0 and r≥1. We also prove that rv's W
0 and W
n+1
—W
n
have identical distribution if and only if (iff) the underlying distribution is geometric. 相似文献
988.
Barry T. Hirsch 《Journal of Labor Research》2004,25(2):233-266
I examine evidence on private sector union wage gaps in the United States. The consensus opinion among labor economists of
an average union premium of roughly 15 percent is called into question. Two forms of measurement error bias downward standard
wage gap estimates. Match bias results from Census earnings imputation procedures that do not include union status as a match
criterion. Downward bias is roughly equal to the proportion of workers with imputed earnings, currently about 30 percent.
Misclassification of union status causes additional attenuation in union gap measures. This bias has worsened as private sector
density has declined, since an increasing proportion of workers designated as union are instead nonunion workers. Corrections
for misclassification and match bias lead to estimated union gaps substantially higher than standard estimates, but with less
of a downward trend since the mid 1980s. Private sector union gaps corrected for these biases are estimated from the CPS for
1973–2001. The uncorrected estimate for 2001 is .13 log points. Correction for match bias increases the gap to .18 log points;
further correction for misclassification bias, based on an assumed 2 percent error rate, increases the gap to .24. Reexamination
of the skill-upgrading hypothesis leads to the conclusion that higher union gap estimates are plausible. The conventional
wisdom of a 15 percent union wage premium warrants reexamination. 相似文献
989.
Janis B. Feldman 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2007,24(3):209-234
This study was designed to determine the significant variables predicting prenatal attachment in an adolescent population.
Scientifically supported knowledge of the factors enhancing attachment plays a crucial role in assisting social workers and
other health care professionals to accurately assess and intervene to decrease pregnancy risks. Previous prenatal attachment
studies demonstrated conflicting findings due to problems from using different theoretical frameworks and research methodologies.
In order to ensure consistency, this study infused an attachment theory perspective. Bowlby’s attachment theory, Levitt’s
support expectations model, and research from prenatal relationship studies were integrated. The social survey sampled 129
minority status pregnant adolescents attending public school. Measurements included the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) and the Support Expectations Index (SEI). Regression analyses revealed that support expectation was a powerful predictor of prenatal attachment with pregnancy planning
and less stress adding importantly to explain over 33% of the variance. Support expectation was a greater predictor of prenatal
attachment than the actual support available. Findings also supported the construct of prenatal attachment as the initial
stage of development of the life cycle.
Janis B. Feldman is an Assistant Professor, University, of Texas-Pan American. 相似文献
990.