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81.
Darren C. Treadway Jacob W. Breland Garry L. Adams Allison B. Duke Laura A. Williams 《Social Networks》2010
Scholars have suggested that skill (Ferris et al., 2007) and motivation (Forret and Dougherty, 2001) need to be considered in predicting the direction and intensity of networking behaviors. Congruently, the present study argues that skill and motivation operate interactively and assesses the interactive impact of political skill (i.e., the ability to interact effectively with others) and future time perspective on differentially predicting community-based and career-based networking behavior. Results from a sample of managers from a national retail chain (n = 291) indicated that politically skilled individuals who possessed a deep future time perspective were more involved in career-related networking than politically skilled individuals who perceived a shallow future time perspective. Additionally, politically skilled respondents with shallow organizational time perspectives engaged in higher levels of community-based networking than did their counterparts with deeper organizational time perspectives. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of political skill, social networks, and socioemotional selectivity theory. 相似文献
82.
Sveinung J?rgensen & Lars Jacob Tynes Pedersen Ph.D. 《European Journal of Social Work》2010,13(3):339-357
This article explores how the scope of solutions to complex problems is determined by the way in which the problem is formulated. We inquire into this by means of a theory-driven case study of the reform in the Norwegian drug rehabilitation sector and the Tyrili facility. We analyze divergent approaches to drug rehabilitation by means of a problem formulation framework, which distinguishes between (1) the value dimensions of given problems, and (2) the phases of problem solving activities. Based on this inquiry, we arrive at a set of propositions, in which we propose that the two approaches differ in their inclusion of various value dimensions. Moreover, we suggest that the reform pursued increased efficiency as a solution to a reductionist formulation of the problem, which challenged Tyrili's opportunity to solve the problem in the multidimensional manner they conceive of it. This is an argument against a one-dimensional maximization of efficiency as a pursuit of quality in social services. 相似文献
83.
G. Jacob F. H. C. Marriott & P. A. Robbins 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》1997,46(2):235-243
Records of gas flow during breathing are cyclical, with the cycles varying in duration. The shape of these cycles may change with the intensity of respiratory stimulation or the development of respiratory disease, but currently research is hampered by the lack of a fully satisfactory technique for determining the shape of a typical cycle. The approach adopted here is to replace the time series by a 'phase diagram', plotting the time integral of flow against flow itself. Principal curves are then fitted. These are curves `through the middle of the data' which were introduced by Hastie and Stuetzle. The shapes of these curves are compared, either directly or after reconstructing an average cycle corresponding to each fitted curve. This has the advantage that the shape of the waveform is separated from the amplitude, and from the duration of the breath. A disadvantage is that periods of zero flow are lost, and the reconstructed average cycle may show irregularities at points near zero flow as a result. In practice, the methodology showed clear differences in shape between the protocols, gave reasonable average cycles and ordered the waveform shapes according to the hardness of breathing induced by the protocols. 相似文献
84.
85.
We develop a pre-test type estimator of a deterministic parameter vector β in a linear Gaussian regression model. In contrast to conventional pre-test strategies, that do not dominate the least-squares (LS) method in terms of mean-squared error (MSE), our technique is shown to dominate LS when the effective dimension is greater than or equal to 4. Our estimator is based on a simple and intuitive approach in which we first determine the linear minimum MSE (MMSE) estimate that minimizes the MSE. Since the unknown vector β is deterministic, the MSE, and consequently the MMSE solution, will depend in general on β and therefore cannot be implemented. Instead, we propose applying the linear MMSE strategy with the LS substituted for the true value of β to obtain a new estimate. We then use the current estimate in conjunction with the linear MMSE solution to generate another estimate and continue iterating until convergence. As we show, the limit is a pre-test type method which is zero when the norm of the data is small, and is otherwise a non-linear shrinkage of LS. 相似文献
86.
Jacob Shelby 《Serials Review》2019,45(3):150-153
AbstractIn recent years UNC-Chapel Hill Libraries, Duke University Libraries, and NC State University Libraries each formed a new team in response to the increasing need to repurpose and reuse data and metadata in and across domains, systems, and environments in new ways. During this session at NC Serials 2019 the speakers described their teams, how those teams came about, and their responsibilities; discussed similarities and differences across their teams; and shared communication strategies, lessons, and opportunities they’ve learned so far. This report captures the discussions that occurred during this session. 相似文献
87.
The value of national sample survey data relating to birth expectations for projecting births is reassessed in the light of data limitations pointed out by Ryder and Westoff among others and of the methods of projection used by the United States Bureau of the Census. The annual level of fertility under the cohort-fertility projection method depends on the assumptions regarding completed fertility, about which the available survey data are fairly informative, and on the assumptions regarding the timing of births, about which the survey data tell us very little. Test calculations suggest that Ryder and Westoff have overstated the significance of timing relative to completed family size for the level of future births. We believe that the fall in the annual total fertility rate in the first half of the sixties is to be explained only in part by a general delay in childbearing; a moderate to substantial decrease in completed family size has also occurred. Analysis of the latest set of fertility projections of the Census Bureau also suggests that the assumptions about completed fertility are a much more important determinant of the level of future births than timing, both in the short and long term. Although the available expectations data cannot help in predicting short-term annual changes in fertility, they appear useful for making long-term projections of annual fertility. Expansion of the size, frequency, and content of the sample surveys and incorporation of parity and birth interval into the projection method may improve projections. 相似文献
88.
The paper analyzes the expert resolution problem by employing extended versions of the uncertain dichotomous choice model. The main purpose of this study is to illustrate how the analysis of optimal decision rules can be carried out while dispensing with the common restrictive assumption of full information regarding individual decisional competences. In contrast to most previous studies in this field we here evaluate the expert rule under alternative assumptions regarding the available partial information on judgmental competences rather than compare it in an ad hoc manner to some common alternative rules, such as simple majority rule. A fuller optimality analysis allowing the evaluation of all relevant decision rules, and not merely the expert rule, is attempted for a five-member panel of experts assuming a uniform distribution of individual competences. For three-member groups the optimality issue is resolved by assuming no information on individual competences and interpreting the expert rule as an even-chance lottery on skills. 相似文献
89.
Order relations among efficient decision rules 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The paper introduces the concept of polar decision rules and establishes that majority rules are polar rules. We identify second best rules and penultimate rules in cases that majority rules are optimal or the most inferior, respectively. We especially specify the almost expert rule and the almost majority rule as the secondary rules of the expert and majority rules, respectively. 相似文献
90.
Review of Economics of the Household - Economic developments of the past three decades posed new questions to economists: what are the causes of fluctuations in rates of return to human capital?... 相似文献