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981.
Many faculty members consider using case studies but not all end up using them. We provide a brief review of what cases are
intended to do and identify three ways in which they can be used. We then use an example to illustrate how we have used the
case study method in teaching business demography. Among other benefits, we note that the case studies method not only encourages
the acquisition of skills by students, but can be used to promote “deep structure learning,” an approach naturally accommodates
other features associated with the case studies method—the development of critical thinking skills, the use of real world
problems, the emphasis of concepts over mechanics, writing and presentation skills, active cooperative learning and the “worthwhileness”
of a course. As noted by others, we understand the limitations of the case study method. However, given its strengths, we
believe it has a place in the instructional toolbox for courses in business demography. The fact that courses we teach is
a testament to our perceived efficacy of this tool. 相似文献
982.
The advent of a continuously updated Master Area File (MAF) following the 2000 census represents an information resource that
can be tapped for purposes of developing timely, cost-effective, and precise population estimates for even the smallest of
geographical units (e.g., census blocks). We argue that the MAF can be enhanced (EMAF) for these purposes. In support of our
argument we describe a set of activities needed to develop EMAF, each of which is well within the current capabilities of
the U.S. Census Bureau and discuss various costs and benefits of each. We also describe how EMAF would provide population
estimates containing a wide range of demographic (e.g., age, race, and sex) and socio-economic characteristics (e.g., educational
attainment, income, and employment). As such, it could largely negate and eliminate the need for many of the traditional demographic
methods of population estimation and possibly reduce the number of sample surveys. We identify important challenges that must
be surmounted in order to realize EMAF and make suggestions for doing so. We conclude by noting that the idea of the EMAF
could be of interest to other countries with MAF files and strong administrative records systems that, like the United States,
are facing the challenge of producing good population information in the face of increasing census costs. 相似文献
983.
Sven Drefahl 《Demography》2010,47(2):313-326
I use hazard regression methods to examine how the age difference between spouses affects their survival. In many countries,
the age difference between spouses at marriage has remained relatively stable for several decades. In Denmark, men are, on
average, about three years older than the women they marry. Previous studies of the age gap between spouses with respect to
mortality found that having a younger spouse is beneficial, while having an older spouse is detrimental for one’s own survival.
Most of the observed effects could not be explained satisfactorily until now, mainly because of methodological drawbacks and
insufficiency of the data. The most common explanations refer to selection effects, caregiving in later life, and some positive
psychological and sociological effects of having a younger spouse. The present study extends earlier work by using longitudinal
Danish register data that include the entire history of key demographic events of the whole population from 1990 onward. Controlling
for confounding factors such as education and wealth, results suggest that having a younger spouse is beneficial for men but
detrimental for women, while having an older spouse is detrimental for both sexes. 相似文献
984.
Aaron M. McCright 《Population and environment》2010,32(1):66-87
This study tests theoretical arguments about gender differences in scientific knowledge and environmental concern using 8 years
of Gallup data on climate change knowledge and concern in the US general public. Contrary to expectations from scientific
literacy research, women convey greater assessed scientific knowledge of climate change than do men. Consistent with much
existing sociology of science research, women underestimate their climate change knowledge more than do men. Also, women express
slightly greater concern about climate change than do men, and this gender divide is not accounted for by differences in key
values and beliefs or in the social roles that men and women differentially perform in society. Modest yet enduring gender
differences on climate change knowledge and concern within the US general public suggest several avenues for future research,
which are explored in the conclusion. 相似文献
985.
Hui-Chuan Hsu 《Social indicators research》2010,99(3):455-468
The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between subjective economic status and indicators of successful aging
to life satisfaction trajectories among the elderly in Taiwan. Data were from the four waves of “Survey of Health and Living
Status of the Elderly in Taiwan”. Hierarchical linear modeling was conducted. Subjective economic status was measured by childhood
economic status and time-varying economic satisfaction. Time-varying physical, mental, and social successful aging variables
and demographics were also used to describe the trajectory of life satisfaction. Life satisfaction showed a slightly decreasing
but generally stationary trend across time. The concurrent economic satisfaction was associated with life satisfaction trajectory,
but childhood economic status was not significant. The time-varying depressive symptoms, cognitive function and social support
were related to the life satisfaction trajectory. Policy on the elderly should take particular account of the economic security,
mental health, and social support of the elderly. 相似文献
986.
The aims of this investigation were (1) to measure the impact of arts-related activities on the perceived quality of life
of a representative sample of British Columbians aged 18 years or more in the spring of 2007, and (2) to compare the findings
of this study with those of a sample of 1,027 adults drawn from five B.C. communities (Comox Valley, Kamloops, Nanaimo, Port
Moody and Prince George) in the fall of 2006. Seven hundred and eight British Columbians responded to a mailed out questionnaire,
and the working data set was weighted by age and education to match the 2006 census statistics for the province, yielding
a fairly representative sample. Speaking quite generally, about 62.0% of the results for the two samples are very similar.
In particular, in both surveys we found that (a) among arts-related activities in which people participate relatively infrequently
(i.e., participation is counted in times per year rather than in hours per week), live theatre is supreme in the strength of its positive correlation with respondents’ perceived quality of life measured
in 7 different ways, and (b) compared to 4 demographic variables (age, education, household income and body mass index), household
income had the highest average, positive correlation with 7 different measures of respondents’ overall life assessments, namely,
self-assessed general health, satisfaction with life as a whole (single item), happiness, satisfaction with the quality of
life, satisfaction with life as a whole (5-item index), contentment with life (5-item index) and subjective wellbeing (4-item
index). Different results were found in the province-wide versus the five-communities survey for the following, among other
things, (a) compared to all 7 life assessment measures, for the province, satisfaction with the quality of life and happiness
had the largest number of significant correlations with arts-related activities measured in hours per week engaged, while for the five communities, the single measure of satisfaction with the quality of life had the largest number
of significant correlations, and (b) For the province, compared to all 7 life assessment measures, satisfaction with the quality
of life had the largest number of significant correlations with arts-related activities measured in times per year engaged; for the five communities, compared to all 7 life assessment measures, self-assessed general health had the largest
number of significant correlations with arts-related activities measured in times per year engaged. 相似文献
987.
Small Area Indices of Multiple Deprivation in South Africa 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael Noble Helen Barnes Gemma Wright Benjamin Roberts 《Social indicators research》2010,95(2):281-297
This paper presents the Provincial Indices of Multiple Deprivation that were constructed by the authors at ward level using
2001 Census data for each of South Africa’s nine provinces. The principles adopted in conceptualising the indices are described
and multiple deprivation is defined as a weighted combination of discrete dimensions of deprivation. The methodological approach
used is outlined and key findings are presented for one province—the Eastern Cape. The paper summarises the ways in which
the research is being developed further and the potential uses of these tools for policy and research. 相似文献
988.
This article uses dyadic latent panel analysis (DLPA) to examine environmental influences on well-being. DLPA requires longitudinal
dyadic data. It decomposes the observed variance of both members of a dyad into a trait, state, and an error component. Furthermore,
state variance is decomposed into initial and new state variance. Total observed similarity between members of a dyad is decomposed
into trait similarity, initial state similarity, new state similarity, and error similarity. Dyadic similarity in new state
variance reveals that both members of a dyad change in the same direction, which is a strong indication of environmental effects.
DLPA is used to examine environmental influences on life satisfaction and domain satisfaction based on 22 annual assessments
of married couples in the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (N’s = 607–740). The results show high similarity in new state variance for life satisfaction and objectively identical domains
(household income, housing), and less similarity for objectively less similar domains (recreation, health). This finding provides
strong evidence for environmental influences on well-being. In addition, the results show high trait similarity. The implications
of the latter finding for interpretation of behavioral genetics studies of well-being are discussed. 相似文献
989.
Despite the fact that rural education has always been one of the most important means of rural development, it has been ignored
in many developing countries, with the result that rural development has not achieved great success. The problems of education
in rural areas are not only related to the amount the country spends on education or to the system of education. The socio-economic
condition of the individuals living in these areas and the form of rural education also play an important part. The present
study deals with the socio-economic factors that influence the education level which is achieved. The assessments in the study
are based on data gathered in a survey of 386 households carried out in the Aegean Region of Turkey. The work consists of
three parts: the state of education in rural areas; the factors adversely affecting an individual’s decision to continue at
school; and the employment situation of individuals who did not continue their education. In the results section, some suggestions
have been made regarding the provision of employment opportunities to individuals who have not completed their education and
who have had no job training. 相似文献
990.
The satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) is a widely accepted and widely used tool for measuring well-being. Although its potential
as a cross-cultural index is recognized, an introduction and systematic validation of the Hebrew version is needed. Thus,
the purpose of this study is: (1) to describe the process of developing the Hebrew version of the SWLS, and (2) to examine
its construct validity as well as its internal consistency. Four hundred and eighty seven working adults completed the following
self reported Hebrew language versions of the: (1) SWLS, (2) positive affect and negative affect scales (PANAS), and (3) the
self-rated health (SRH) scale. In addition, as way of gathering additional evidence of validity, the SWLS was completed by
proxy (i.e., each participant’s life partner or significant other). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a single-factor
structure with significant correlations between the SWLS and the rest of the measures—PANAS scores, the SRH scores as well
as the SWLS scores as measured by proxy. In addition, item-analysis supports the internal consistency of the scale. The Hebrew
version of the SWLS is a valid and reliable scale and can be utilized in the Israeli context. 相似文献