全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16128篇 |
免费 | 271篇 |
专业分类
管理学 | 2134篇 |
民族学 | 81篇 |
人才学 | 2篇 |
人口学 | 1398篇 |
丛书文集 | 106篇 |
教育普及 | 2篇 |
理论方法论 | 1493篇 |
综合类 | 360篇 |
社会学 | 8128篇 |
统计学 | 2695篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 86篇 |
2020年 | 243篇 |
2019年 | 296篇 |
2018年 | 319篇 |
2017年 | 448篇 |
2016年 | 372篇 |
2015年 | 306篇 |
2014年 | 322篇 |
2013年 | 2685篇 |
2012年 | 481篇 |
2011年 | 416篇 |
2010年 | 299篇 |
2009年 | 305篇 |
2008年 | 368篇 |
2007年 | 382篇 |
2006年 | 293篇 |
2005年 | 438篇 |
2004年 | 379篇 |
2003年 | 341篇 |
2002年 | 374篇 |
2001年 | 394篇 |
2000年 | 372篇 |
1999年 | 364篇 |
1998年 | 264篇 |
1997年 | 255篇 |
1996年 | 253篇 |
1995年 | 243篇 |
1994年 | 251篇 |
1993年 | 225篇 |
1992年 | 274篇 |
1991年 | 280篇 |
1990年 | 252篇 |
1989年 | 257篇 |
1988年 | 247篇 |
1987年 | 238篇 |
1986年 | 212篇 |
1985年 | 211篇 |
1984年 | 250篇 |
1983年 | 255篇 |
1982年 | 193篇 |
1981年 | 165篇 |
1980年 | 165篇 |
1979年 | 196篇 |
1978年 | 171篇 |
1977年 | 150篇 |
1976年 | 132篇 |
1975年 | 124篇 |
1974年 | 112篇 |
1973年 | 107篇 |
1972年 | 80篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
931.
This paper discusses the impact that Jacob Mincer's 1962 paper Labor-Force Participation of Married Women... had on the analysis and empirical estimation of the labor supply of married women, and the supply of labor in general. It is argued that this paper has revolutionized the analysis of labor supply. The sharp increase in married women's labor supply still constitutes a challenge to labor economists who try to explain the phenomenon in terms of income and price effects derived from cross-section studies. It constituted a puzzle to labor economists in the 1950s and 1960s, still captives of the notion of a backwards-bending supply of labor. Mincer combined a theoretical model distinguishing between three uses of time (leisure, work at home, and work in the market) and Friedman's distinction between permanent and transitory earning. He showed that the wage has a positive effect on married women's labor supply, and that this supply is more affected by transitory than by permanent income changes. The new theory serves as the scaffold on which Mincer builds the empirical estimation. The interplay between theory, data, and empirical estimation, and the ingenuity of the empirical research using scant data sources, made this paper the object of emulation. The ideas first discussed in this paper generated many of the developments in the analysis of labor supply witnessed over the last four decades. 相似文献
932.
This paper reviews Jacob Mincer's contributions to the analyses of earnings and the distribution of earnings through his pioneering focus on labor market experience or on-the-job training. It begins with a brief discussion of the theoretical literature on the distribution of earnings in the pre-Mincer period, and then discusses his analysis of human capital and earnings developed in his 1957 doctoral dissertation and 1958 Journal of Political Economy (JPE) article. Further analyses of on-the-job training, and in particular estimates of the rate of return from on-the-job training, are presented in his 1962 JPE paper. The synergy between Mincer and Becker during the 1960s is discussed, as is the development of the schooling-earnings function by Gary S. Becker and Barry R. Chiswick (1966). Jacob Mincer extended this relationship by incorporating experience to form the human capital earnings function in his Schooling, Experience and Earnings (1974). Subsequent modifications, extensions, tests of robustness and the wide applicability of the human capital earnings function are presented. 相似文献
933.
A population of 72 bifocal wearers was studied to determine the relationship between VDT (video display terminal) placement for those who reported musculoskeletal pain and those who did not. The mean hours worked was 50.4 minutes (p=0.003) greater for those who reported head/neck pain versus those who did not and 48.6 minutes (p=0.004) greater for those who reported shoulder/arm pain that those who did not. There was no statistically significant difference between the means of monitor height, distance, or angle for those who reported pain symptoms versus those who did not. This study indicates that, self reported pain symptoms are correlated with hours of VDT work and that there appears to be a threshold at approximately five hours for pain symptoms among bifocal wearers. No such correlation can be made for monitor placement 相似文献
934.
The fusion of male- and female-derived gametes initiates the phenomenal process of producing a highly complex mammalian organism. Successful reproduction is so important that mammals invoke a battery of protective mechanisms for the germ cell lineages that function to maximize genetic integrity while still allowing genetic diversity and adaptation. Protective mechanisms likely include, but are not limited to, robust DNA repair to safeguard genetic integrity and apoptosis to remove cells with intolerable levels of DNA damage. Analyses of spontaneous mutant frequencies are generally consistent with germline DNA being stringently maintained relative to somatic tissues. Despite the rigorous protection afforded germ cells, genetic integrity is observed to decline with increased maternal and paternal age. It is not yet clear whether cells in the germ line truly age or whether other processes decline or become dysfunctional with age. For example, in a younger animal, the differentiation and/or utilization of germ cells with lower genetic integrity might be disallowed, whereas in an older animal, such cells might slip past these quality-control mechanisms. 相似文献
935.
936.
937.
May RK Whelan JP Steenbergh TA Meyers AW 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2003,19(4):339-357
Instruments to assess individuals' self-efficacy for the control of addictive behaviors have been useful for monitoring behavior change, predicting maintenance of treatment gains, and identifying potential relapse situations. The Gambling Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GSEQ) was developed to assess perceived self-efficacy to control gambling behavior. A demographically diverse sample of 309 adult gamblers completed an initial set of 42 items, of which 16 were selected to form the final version of the GSEQ. The GSEQ showed high internal consistency ( = .96) and good test-retest reliability (r = .86). A factor analysis provided some support for a unitary factor structure. As expected, GSEQ scores were negatively correlated with reports of problematic gambling behavior. Participants experiencing problems related to their gambling behavior scored significantly lower on the GSEQ than those who were not experiencing gambling problems. This psychometric examination of the GSEQ supported its potential utility for treatment planning and outcome evaluation with problem gamblers. 相似文献
938.
It's about time and gender: spousal employment and health 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stolzenberg RM 《AJS; American journal of sociology》2001,107(1):61-100
This article considers the effect of husbands' and wives' hours of work on each others' health. Theoretical analysis focuses on gendering of health-related behavior, the needed to promote a spouse's salubrious behavior, and the effects of work hours on the availability of time for nonwork activities. Empirical analyses are based on 1986 and 1989 longitudinal U.S. data. Fewer than 40 hours of work per week by wives has no effect on husbands' health, but more than 40 hours has substantial negative effect. Long work hours by husbands are not detrimental to wives' health. Wives' work hours shows no effect on their own health, but husbands' work hours show strong positive effect on their own health. Methodological issues are considered. 相似文献
939.
Byrt R Lomas C Gardiner G Lewis D 《Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services》2001,39(9):42-50
1. Women's adverse experiences as patients in secure and other mental health services appear to reflect sexism in wider social and historical contexts. 2. A Women's Service Development Group in a medium secure unit in the United Kingdom has made improvements in services for female patients, including an independent advocacy and befriending service, a Well-Woman Clinic, and other gender-sensitive activities. 3. In general, services were evaluated positively by women. Some dissatisfaction primarily was related to activities, issues concerning seclusion, and the lack of a day area for women only. 4. Women had mixed views about their contact with male staff and patients. Because of this, policies and services in this and related areas should account for individual needs. 相似文献
940.
Werner PD Green RJ Greenberg J Browne TL McKenna TE 《Journal of marital and family therapy》2001,27(4):459-471
In a 1996 article on family theory, we (Green & Werner) proposed that family enmeshment should not be equated with high cohesion and that the construct of enmeshment fails to discriminate between two distinct relationship processes: Closeness-caregiving and intrusiveness. In this study, our model of these two independent dimensions of family connectedness was tested by assessing spouses from 264 couples, using the California Inventory for Family Assessment (CIFA). The CIFA scales showed acceptable reliability. Significant interspouse validity correlations also were obtained. As predicted by our theory, factor analyses distinguished dimensions of intrusiveness (blurring of boundaries) from dimensions of closeness-caregiving (such as warmth and nurturance). On all but two factors, behaviors of only one spouse (but not of both) had interpretable loadings. That is, in most areas, the two spouses' behaviors did not load together to form meaningful factors. The latter finding suggests that family systems theory--with its central notion of reciprocally contingent behaviors between family members--may be useful in understanding only a few dimensions of spouses' behavior (such as reciprocal aggression) whereas personality-in-context theories may be better for understanding most other dimensions (such as warmth and nurturance). 相似文献