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171.
Financial Issues Associated with Having a Child with Autism 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Data from the Family Experiences with Autism Survey are used to identify factors associated with financial problems in families
that have a child with autism. Likelihood of financial problems was positively associated with use of medical interventions,
having unreimbursed medical or therapy expenses, and having relatively lower income. Use of speech and language therapy was
negatively associated with likelihood of financial problems. Many survey respondents forfeited future financial security and
even experienced bankruptcy to provide needed therapy for a child with autism. Specific ways that financial advisors can help
families that have a child with autism are outlined.
相似文献
Dana Lee BakerEmail: |
172.
A comprehensive framework for guiding analyses of internal migration is lacking. This study contributes to the family migration
literature in three important ways. We develop a multilevel theoretical framework emphasizing an integration of individual-,
family-, and neighborhood-level effects; introduce multilevel statistical modeling; and explicitly assess how effects of economic-based
explanatory variables vary by gender. Our data are from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). We find that the likelihood
of a family migrating is affected by economic and non-economic factors, some of which vary by gender. We add to the dual-earner
migration literature by finding that wives are not likely to be tied-movers, but husbands are likely to be tied-stayers. Neighborhood
factors also are important to the decision to migrate.
相似文献
Steven Garasky (Corresponding author)Email: |
173.
Rhetoric and Reality of Economic Self-sufficiency Among Rural,Low-Income Mothers: A Longitudinal Study 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Leigh Ann Simmons Elizabeth M. Dolan Bonnie Braun 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2007,28(3):489-505
This study examined the contributions of maternal labor force participation and marital status on economic self-sufficiency
over time for rural mothers. Data were from 174 rural families participating in three waves of data collection in Rural Families Speak. χ
2 and multiple logistic regression were utilized. Results revealed only one-third of mothers moved toward economic self-sufficiency
over three years. Maternal education, employment status, and weekly work hours were associated with improved economic well-being.
Compared to single-parent families, unmarried-couple and married-couple families had increased odds of improving economically.
In an analysis of all mothers with partners, married or unmarried, martial status was not significant in economic improvement.
Findings suggest the role of marriage in welfare reform for rural families should be reconsidered.
相似文献
Bonnie BraunEmail: |
174.
While the relationships between health insurance and the labor supply of women have been explored in the literature, little
is known about the effects of offering public health insurance on the labor supply decisions of married women. This paper
examines how the enactment of the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) affected the labor supply decisions of
married women. Our empirical analysis showed that certain groups of married women reduced their number of hours worked upon
SCHIP implementation. The results imply it is possible that some wives decreased their labor supply in order to make their
children eligible for public health insurance.
相似文献
Ho Jin LeeEmail: |
175.
Sarah Beth Estes Mary C. Noonan David J. Maume 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2007,28(4):527-545
Researchers have proposed that work-family policy use may either reinforce or challenge the existing gendered division of
labor within couples, but results from prior studies have been inconclusive. Using data from a regional survey of work and
family life, we extend this research by focusing on how housework is divided within couples and by differentiating between
traditionally female- and male- typed housework tasks. Results show that among dual-earning women, policy use is not related to share of female- or male-typed
tasks. Among dual-earning men, policy use is positively related to share of female-typed tasks and negatively related to share
of male-typed tasks. These findings suggest that work-family policy use does not reinforce the gendered division of housework.
相似文献
Mary C. NoonanEmail: |
176.
Inmaculada García José Alberto Molina María Navarro 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2007,28(4):546-565
This paper first identifies the determinants of spouses’ satisfaction levels within the household with respect to their leisure
time and, secondly, characterizes whether their preferences have some degree of altruistic or egoistic character in regard
to this particular satisfaction. To that end, it formulates a theoretical framework from the collective family model whose
stochastic formulations are estimated for 14 EU countries. The general empirical results first reveal that the presence of
children has a significantly negative impact on the leisure satisfaction of both spouses. Then, increases in individual incomes
lead to lower own leisure satisfaction levels. Both husbands and wives show egoistic behavior with respect to the labor and
non-labor incomes (wage rate) of their respective spouses’ satisfaction levels.
相似文献
María NavarroEmail: |
177.
Assessing the effects of land use and land cover patterns on thermal conditions using landscape metrics in city of Indianapolis,United States 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Direct applications of remote sensing thermal infrared (TIR) data in landscape ecological research are rare due to limitations
in the sensors, calibration, and difficulty in interpretation. Currently there is a general lack of methodology for examining
the relationship between land surface temperatures (LST) derived from TIR data and landscape patterns extracted from optical
sensors. A separation of landscapes into values directly related to their scale and signature is a key step. In this study,
a Landsat ETM+ image of Indianapolis, Unites States, acquired on June 22, 2000, was spectrally unmixed (using spectral mixture
analysis, SMA) into fraction endmembers of green vegetation, soil, high albedo, and low albedo. Impervious surface was then
computed from the high and low albedo images. A hybrid classification procedure was developed to classify the fraction images
into seven land use and land cover (LULC) classes. Using the fractional images, the landscape composition and pattern were
examined. Next, pixel-based LST measurements were correlated with the landscape fractional components to investigate LULC
based relationships between LST and impervious surface and green vegetation fractions. An examination of the relationship
between the LULC and LST maps with landscape metrics was finally conducted to deepen understanding of their interactions.
Results indicate that SMA-derived fraction images were effective for quantifying the urban morphology and for providing reliable
measurements of biophysical variables. LST was found to be positively correlated with impervious surface fraction but negatively
correlated with green vegetation fraction. Each temperature zone was associated with a dominant LULC category. Further research
should be directed to the theoretical and applied implications of describing such relationships between LULC patterns and
urban thermal conditions.
相似文献
Dengsheng LuEmail: |
178.
This paper reviews the main bodies of contemporary urban sustainability theory. From this analysis, two underpinning paradigms
of urban sustainability are identified: (1) The ‘Human Exemptionalism Paradigm’ (HEP), which emphasizes the ability of humans
to overcome environmental problems—see Urban Sociology, Urban Ecology, Urban Geography, Urban Psychology and Political Economy;
and (2) The ‘New Ecological Paradigm’ (NEP), which emphasizes the criticality of ecological limits to human progress—see Urban
Metabolism, Energy/Emergy Analysis and Ecological Footprinting. Each of these approaches is critically reviewed, highlighting
their main assumptions, theoretical and practical foci. It is argued in the paper that if the related issues of urban sustainability
and development are to be progressed, there needs to be: (1) a greater maturation of the NEP approaches, which are ‘relative
newcomers’ to the area of urban theory; and (2) greater integration and dialogue between the HEP and NEP approaches to urban
sustainability than has hitherto been the case.
相似文献
Murray G. PattersonEmail: |
179.
Using a spatially extensive urban database constructed from the Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS), we describe the
relationships of nutrients in small-order streams to eight defined categories of percent catchment urbanization, correlations
between chloride and conductivity in urban streams, and relationships between nutrients and chloride with two Maryland-specific
indices of biotic integrity for benthic macroinvertebrates and fish assemblages. Stream nutrients become elevated with increasing
percent catchment urbanization, followed by increases in all four measured nitrogen species and total phosphorus at catchment
urbanization levels greater than 10%. There was a strong collinear relationship (r
2 = 0.90) between chloride and conductivity (trimeans) across all eight urbanization classes, where Cl (mg/L) = −0.397 + 0.188*conductivity
(μS/cm). Critical values for all water quality parameters with the two Maryland biological indices were derived using quantile
regression, with significant regressions developed for 11 of 16 water quality parameters and the two biotic indices. For nitrate
(NO3-N), the critical thresholds between fair and poor stream quality for the two Maryland biological indices were 0.83 mg/L (benthic
macroinvertebrate assemblages) and 0.86 mg/L (fish assemblages). Increasing stream nutrient and chloride levels, associated
with widespread catchment urbanization intensity, now affect many small streams in Maryland, with implications for decreasing
water quality in major tributaries and the Chesapeake Bay. 相似文献
180.
Rupert Hasenzagl 《Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung》2007,38(4):351-370
The theoretical basis behind consultancy does not match its importance to the economy. Although theory building research has been advanced since the 1990s, it still remains fragmentary. The impact of these consulting theories on practice has therefore been limited. This paper provides a contribution to this recent field of research. Based on the Social Systems Theory by Luhmann, a model outlining the impact of consultancy is presented. Three empirical cases outline the usefulness of the presented model in practice. 相似文献