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131.
Max Weisbuch Michael L. Slepian Asha Clarke Nalini Ambady Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2010,34(1):43-56
Behavioral consistency has been at the center of debates regarding the stability of personality. We argue that people are
consistent but that such consistency is best observed in nonverbal behavior. In Study 1, participants’ verbal and nonverbal
behaviors were observed in a mock interview and then in an informal interaction. In Study 2, medical students’ verbal and
nonverbal behaviors were observed during first- and third-year clinical skills evaluation. Nonverbal behavior exhibited consistency
across context and time (a duration of 2 years) whereas verbal behavior did not. Discussion focuses on implications for theories
of personality and nonverbal behavior. 相似文献
132.
The objective of this paper is to contribute to the expanding discourse on conceptual elements of TA. As a point of departure, it takes the recent transformation of the science, technology and innovation system (“technoscience”). We will show that the age of technoscience can be regarded as presenting not only a challenge, but also a chance and opportunity for TA. Embracing this opportunity, however, implies imposing several requirements on TA. In order to specify these requirements and to foster the ongoing discourse on the foundations of TA, this paper suggests a programmatic term: prospective technology assessment (ProTA). This term is intended mainly as a reflection framework, aimed at providing an extension and complement—and not a replacement—of well-established TA concepts. Three requirements for ProTA are sketched: (1) early stage orientation—the temporal dimension, (2) intention and potential orientation—the knowledge dimension, (3) shaping orientation—the power/actor dimension. Examples from fusion and nano research will illustrate the need for ProTA, as well as its specific focus. The paper concedes that ProTA is in its infancy and that there is a clear need for further clarification. 相似文献
133.
Jan Doering 《Symbolic Interaction》2010,33(1):71-95
This article investigates account strategies that individuals employ to neutralize identity threats caused by breakups from romantic relationships. I distinguish three narrative frames for such accounts: dumper, dumpee, and consensus narratives. Individuals who employ a consensus narrative frame provide accounts by default: they deny that any harm was done to anyone. Dumpers dismissed the breakup's conflictuality, used externalization strategies, and depicted themselves as empathetic. Dumpees used externalization strategies and denials of injury, emphasized their agency, and pointed out valuable changes of self. I then analyze the results from a phenomenological perspective to identify connections between accounting practices and the structure of the self. I argue that accounting for traumatic breakups is important for the development of schemes that guide perception, action, and the interpretation of biography. 相似文献
134.
Julia Katherina Stefanides Andreas Herrmann Jan Rüdiger Landwehr Mark Heitmann 《Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft》2011,81(2):7-30
Sequential choice processes are ubiquitous in consumer decision making. In each attribute decision, consumers are often faced with different numbers of options which they must trade off in order to make the best possible choice. Thereby, complicated high variety choices at the beginning of a choice process produce a larger trade-off conflict and, thus, initially a greater mental depletion than more simple low variety choices. We examine the strength of mental depletion in sequential choices on individuals’ perceived attractiveness of the firm’s recommended default option at a target choice. We show that consumers who are confronted with difficult high variety choices early in the decision sequence followed by low variety choices initially deplete more than consumers who encounter exactly the same attribute decisions in reverse. As a result, depleted consumers are more likely to fall prey to the recommended default or some perceptually focal options close to the default anchor at target choice succeeding a sequence of decisions. 相似文献
135.
The quadratic discriminant function is commonly used for the two group classification problem when the covariance matrices in the two populations are substantially unequal. This procedure is optimal when both populations are multivariate normal with known means and covariance matrices. This study examined the robustness of the QDF to non-normality. Sampling experiments were conducted to estimate expected actual error rates for the QDF when sampling from a variety of non-normal distributions. Results indicated that the QDF was robust to non-normality except when the distributions were highly skewed, in which case relatively large deviations from optimal were observed. In all cases studied the average probabilities of misclassification were relatively stable while the individual population error rates exhibited considerable variability. 相似文献
136.
This paper examines the debate about possible relationships between problem gambling and accessibility to electronic gaming machines (EGMs), in the context of the Victorian Government's policy that imposed a ‘cap’ on EGMs in disadvantaged communities. Using GIS (Geographical Information Systems), the spatial distribution of social disadvantage in three ‘capped’ localities was compared with the spatial distribution of gaming venues and patterns of concentrated EGM expenditure during 2001–2005, including seasonal trends. Research revealed different relationships between spatial and social categories in the study localities, indicating the need for more systematic local area analysis. This research raises questions about the limitations of conventional methodologies and regulatory strategies based on simple measures such as gaming machine density. We propose improvements to the methodology to better measure the changing level of local supply and demand for machine gaming. 相似文献
137.
The objective of this paper is to examine the role of external debt in a country’s economic growth. With 31 developing countries
divided into four regions, this paper employs the recent technique of spatial econometrics to incorporate the neighbouring
effect in the debt–growth model. The empirical results reveal that the East Asia and Pacific, Latin America and Caribbean
and the Sub-Saharan Africa regions provide convincing evidence to support a negative relationship between the external debt
and economic growth. In addition, there is evidence to support the existence of spillover growth among neighbouring countries.
This suggests that the role of spatial correlation is important and should be considered for any analysis of the growth model. 相似文献
138.
Over the last 20 years the NEH heuristic of Nawaz, Enscore, and Ham published in this journal has been commonly regarded as the best heuristic for minimizing the makespan in permutation flow shops. In recent years some authors claimed to develop new heuristics that are competitive or outperform NEH. Our study reveals that these claims are not justified. We also address the issue of a fair comparison of the NEH results with those obtained by metaheuristics. Finally we conduct a thorough analysis of NEH leading to its modification which secures the optimality in the two-machine case and improves the general performance. 相似文献
139.
In the 1960s and 1990s, internal strife in Rwanda has caused a mass flow of refugees into neighbouring countries. This article explores the cumulated fertility of Rwandan refugee women and the survival of their children. To this end, we use a national survey conducted between 1999 and 2001 and covering 6,420 former refugee and non-refugee households. The findings support old-age security theories of reproductive behaviour: refugee women had higher fertility but their children had lower survival chances. Newborn girls suffered more than boys, suggesting that the usual sex differential in child survival observed in most populations changes under extreme living conditions. 相似文献
140.
Jan G. De Gooijer 《Journal of applied statistics》2007,34(4):371-381
We compare and investigate Neyman's smooth test, its components, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) goodness-of-fit test for testing the uniformity of multivariate forecast densities. Simulations indicate that the KS test lacks power when the forecast distributions are misspecified, especially for correlated sequences of random variables. Neyman's smooth test and its components work well in samples of size typically available, although there sometimes are size distortions. The components provide directed diagnosis regarding the kind of departure from the null. For illustration, the tests are applied to forecast densities obtained from a bivariate threshold model fitted to high-frequency financial data. 相似文献