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971.
New Trends in Measuring Environmental Attitudes: Measuring Endorsement of the New Ecological Paradigm: A Revised NEP Scale 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Riley E. Dunlap Kent D. Van Liere Angela G. Mertig & Robert Emmet Jones 《The Journal of social issues》2000,56(3):425-442
Dunlap and Van Liere's New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) Scale, published in 1978, has become a widely used measure of proenvironmental orientation. This article develops a revised NEP Scale designed to improve upon the original one in several respects: (1) It taps a wider range of facets of an ecological worldview, (2) It offers a balanced set of pro- and anti-NEP items, and (3) It avoids outmoded terminology. The new scale, termed the New Ecological Paradigm Scale, consists of 15 items. Results of a 1990 Washington State survey suggest that the items can be treated as an internally consistent summated ratingscale and also indicate a modest growth in pro-NEP responses among Washington residents over the 14 years since the original study. 相似文献
972.
Estimating parameters in a stochastic volatility (SV) model is a challenging task. Among other estimation methods and approaches, efficient simulation methods based on importance sampling have been developed for the Monte Carlo maximum likelihood estimation of univariate SV models. This paper shows that importance sampling methods can be used in a general multivariate SV setting. The sampling methods are computationally efficient. To illustrate the versatility of this approach, three different multivariate stochastic volatility models are estimated for a standard data set. The empirical results are compared to those from earlier studies in the literature. Monte Carlo simulation experiments, based on parameter estimates from the standard data set, are used to show the effectiveness of the importance sampling methods. 相似文献
973.
Our concern is for income inequalities that may result from non-welfaristic redistribution schemes. We show that for large
classes of income functions Lorenz dominance results can be found in the comparison of two egalitarian equivalent mechanisms.
Comparisons of different conditionally egalitarian mechanisms only yield poverty dominance results. In general, no egalitarian
equivalent mechanism can be Lorenz dominated by a conditionally egalitarian mechanism. Our analysis stresses the need for
accurate empirical estimates of the pre-tax income function and of the distributions of responsibility and compensation characteristics.
We thank the Editor, Marc Fleurbaey and two anonymous referees, Geert Dhaene and seminar/conference participants at UAP-workshop
(Namur, 2003), ‘Welfarist and non-welfarist approaches to public economics’ (Ghent, 2004), SED (Palma, 2004), SSC&W (Osaka,
2004) and IIPF (Milan, 2004) for helpful comments and suggestions. Financial support from the Federal Public Planning Service
Science Policy, Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program – Belgian Science Policy [Contract No. P5/21] is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
974.
Since 1987, Viet Nam has been moving from a centrally planned to a market economy. The public sector became weaker, and public resources were no longer sufficient to respond to all healthcare needs. The government then recognized the need for cost-sharing, and in August 1992 issued a national Health Insurance Decree calling for compulsory health insurance for salaried workers in both the public and private sectors. Voluntary membership for dependants, farmers and the self-employed was also encouraged from the start. Currently, the number of insured persons reaches almost 9.5 million. Future challenges include the extension of coverage, especially to the low-income rural and urban population, modification of provider payment methods so as to enhance cost-containment, and organizational development in general. 相似文献
975.
Sabine A. E. Geurts Toon W. Taris Michiel A. J. Kompier Josje S. E. Dikkers Madelon L. M. Van Hooff Ulla M. Kinnunen 《Work and stress》2005,19(4):319-339
This paper reports on the stepwise development of a new questionnaire for measuring work-home interaction, i.e. the Survey Work-home Interaction—NijmeGen, the SWING). Inspired by insights from work psychology, more specifically from Effort-Recovery Theory (Meijman & Mulder, 1998), we defined work-home interaction by differentiating between the direction and quality of influence. Four types of work-home interaction were distinguished and measured by using 22 (including 13 self-developed) items. By using data from five independent samples (total N=2472), validity evidence was provided based on the internal structure of the questionnaire. The results showed that the questionnaire reliably measured four empirically distinct types of work-home interaction, and that this four-dimensional structure was largely invariant across the five samples as well as across relevant subgroups. Validity evidence was also provided based on the relations with external (theoretically relevant) variables (i.e. job characteristics, home characteristics, and indicators of health and well-being). The results generally supported the hypothesized relationships of these external variables with negative work-home interaction. Less support was found, however, for the hypothesized relationships with positive work-home interaction. This contributes to current literature as it employs a relatively broad conceptualization of work-home interaction and offers a promising tool that measures its multiple components across a wide variety of workers. 相似文献
976.
Drawing from forty in‐depth interviews as well as personal experiences, the researchers identify the areas for argument in unionization drives among nonprofit organizations. The topic is placed in the context of the nonprofit sector's ongoing discussion of its relationship with, and distinction from, the government and business sectors. 相似文献
977.
Petra J. E. M. Van Dam 《Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research》2001,14(2):157-170
This article focuses on the early modern history of the rabbit in England, France, Flanders and Holland, as a case in the long-term dynamics between society and nature. How and why did the rabbit spread and what was the role of humans? Deforestation, the spread of agriculture and the set up of warrens were key elements that created a new habitat for the rabbit. Investments in promoting rabbits were market driven. The rabbit provided a welcome resource of fur and meat after many furry wild animals had become extinct as a result of hunting and habitat destruction. Once the rabbit became wild it turned into a pest. Extensive damage to crops and disastrous sand drift were unforeseen and undesired results. Ultimately, the ecological success of the rabbit was the cause of its loss of status. 相似文献
978.
Anne Macvean Monica McGoldrick Jan Evans Jenny Brown 《Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy》2001,22(4):207-213
This article began as a letter to the Editors, expressing Anne Macvean's concern about the genogram convention that the ANZJFT follows. How does a journal decide whether or not it is time to change? This seemed to be an issue deserving of a wider debate. Here is the beginning of the debate, with comments on Anne's letter from two local users of genograms, Jenny Brown and Jan Evans, and from Monica McGoldrick, internationally known genogram expert, author of You Can Go Home Again [1995], co‐author of Genograms: Assessment and Intervention (1999). 相似文献
979.
We consider estimation of β in the semiparametric regression model y ( i ) - x T ( i )β + f ( i / n ) + ε( i ) where x ( i ) = g ( i )/ n ) + e ( i , f and g are unknown smooth functions and the processes ε( i ) and e ( i ) are stationary with short- or long-range dependence. For the case of i.i.d. errors, Speckman (1988) proposed a √ n –consistent estimator of β. In this paper it is shown that, under suitable regularity conditions, this estimator is asymptotically unbiased and √ n –consistent even if the errors exhibit long-range dependence. The orders of the finite sample bias and of the required bandwidth depend on the long-memory parameters. Simulations and a data example illustrate the method 相似文献
980.
Jan M. Hoem 《Sociological methodology》2000,30(1):237-259
Users of intensity-regression techniques in event-history analysis based on occurrence and exposure matrices frequently encounter zero-valued exposures where there is no observation for selected combinations of factor levels, either because they are logically impossible or because the observational design leaves them out. For example, higher educational levels cannot be attained at very young ages, and observations collected over a given calendar period cannot contain data for older birth cohorts at younger ages or data for younger cohorts at older ages. Unless the exposure matrix is too badly full of zeros, this does not necessarily cause problems for the estimation of regression parameters, but interpretation of results may have to be carried out with extra care. In this paper, we discuss why this is so and show how deft handling of systematic patterns of zero exposures can facilitate analysis. 相似文献