Comparing mean ranks for repeated measures data

Rank tests are considered that compare t treatments in repeated measures designs. A statistic is given that contains as special cases several that have been proposed for this problem, including one that corresponds to the randomized block ANOVA statistic applied to the rank transformed data. Another statistic is proposed, having a null distribution holding under more general conditions, that is the rank transform of the Hotelling statistic for repeated measures. A statistic of this type is also given for data that are ordered categorical rather than fully rankedo Unlike the Friedman statistic, the statistics discussed in this article utilize a single ranking of the entire sample. Power calculations for an underlying normal distribution indicate that the rank transformed ANOVA test can be substantially more powerful than the Friedman test.     

“A stone wall out of the earth that thundering cannon cannot destroy"? Bastion and Moat at the Castle,Cape Town

Although the urgency with which the Dutch East India Company administration at the Cape built defensive works was a direct result of their fear of attack from both land and sea, there was an additional imperative, for the Castle at Cape Town stood as a symbol of Dutch colonial aspirations. In this paper, we compare written and material texts of one part of the Castle's architecture to show firstly, how the discordances between such sources can reveal an underside of early colonization and secondly, how the Castle moat, in the seventeenth century a stamp of aspirant power, was by the mid‐nineteenth century a dump and a public nuisance.     

Battling the Plantation Mentality: Memphis and the Black Freedom Struggle

Theodore Evergates, Feudal Society in the Bailliage of Troyes under the Counts of Champagne, 1152–1284 (1976), xii+274 (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, £11.20).

Pierre Guichard, Structures sociales ‘orientales’ et ‘occidentales’ dans l'Espagne musulmane (1977), 426 (Editions Mouton et cie, Paris and La Haye, 176F).

J. S. Cockburn (ed.), Crime in England 1550–1800 (1977), xiv+334 (Methuen, £10.00, paperback £6.95).

Jack Goody, Joan Thirsk and E. P. Thompson (eds), Family and Inheritance. Rural Society in Western Europe, 1200–1800 (1976), vi+421 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £8.80); Peter Laslett, Family Life and Illicit Lore in Earlier Generations. Essays in Historical Sociology (1977), vii+270 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £15.00, paperback £4.95).

David C. Itzkowitz, Peculiar Privilege: A Social History of English Foxhunting, 1753–1885 (1977), 248 (The Harvester Press, Hassocks, £10.50).

Alfred F. Young (ed.), The American Revolution: Explorations in the History of American Radicalism (1976), xv+481 (Northern Illinois University Press, DeKalb, Illinois, paperback, n.p.).

Clive Bush, The Dream of Reason: American Consciousness and Cultural Achievement from Independence to the Civil War (1977), xi+397 (Edward Arnold, £14.95).

Albert Soboul, Problèmes paysans de la Révolution, 1789–1848 (1976), 446 (François Maspéro, Paris, 50F.).

James H. Bater, St Petersburg. Industrialization and Change (1976), xxiii+474 (Edward Arnold, £14.95).

Nicholas V. Riasanovsky, A Parting of the Ways: Government and the Educated Public in Russia 1801–1851 (1977), viii+323 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £12.00).

J. Michael Phayer, Sexual Liberation and Religion in Nineteenth‐Century Europe (1977), 176 (Croom Helm, £7.50).

John Woodward and David Richards (eds.), Health Care and Popular Medicine in Nineteenth‐Century England (1977), 195 (Croom Helm, £7.95).

Jörg Calliess, Militär in der Krise. Die bayerische Armee in der Revolution 184849 (1976), vi+224 (Harald Boldt, Boppard am Rhein, DM 40).

Trygve Tholfsen, Working Class Radicalism in Mid‐Victorian England (1976), 332 (Croom Helm, £9.95).

Daniel Field, The End of Serfdom: Nobility and Bureaucracy in Russia, 1855–1861 (1976), xiii+472 (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass, and London, £11.90).     

Glorious Work: employment of adults with a learning disability in Guangzhou from the perspective of their parents

Promises and policies in ensuring employment opportunities for disabled people are stipulated in the State Laws and local regulations of the People's Republic of China. It is assumed that having a job implies better integration in society. However, the experience of young adults with learning disability in finding jobs tells a very different story. This article analyses the experience, perceptions and worries of parents of such young adults who are employed or have striven hard to obtain a job, comparing the ideal with a very different reality.     

Through Civil War, Food Crisis and Drought: Trends in Fertility and Nuptiality in Post-Soviet Tajikistan

This article has two objectives. First, it aims to complement and extend existing research on post-socialist demographic change, which has thus far tended to focus on Central and Eastern Europe. It does this by describing the nature of post-Soviet trends in nuptiality and fertility in Tajikistan, the republic with the highest rate of population growth during the Soviet period. It finds evidence for a decrease in period fertility after independence: initially, through a decline at higher orders; then, through a significant decrease in the rate of first births, associated with a dramatic decrease in the rate of first union formation since the mid-1990s. Second, it aims to contribute to the demography of conflict and of food crisis. Most clearly, it finds strong evidence for a decrease in nuptiality and fertility associated with the 1995 food crisis.     

Methods used to teach social work students in the field: A research report from New Zealand

This article reports the findings of research conducted in three schools of social work in New Zealand on 'methods' used to teach social work students in the field. Students were polled before the first placement ( N = 80) to find how 'effective' they rated a range of teaching methods. This was followed up by a post-placement student survey ( N = 77) to ascertain the extent to which these same methods were employed by field educators. Pre- and post-placement student results were compared with the effectiveness ratings that field educators ( N = 130) gave to each method. Field educator and student pre-placement ratings listed most methods as being effective or very effective. Post-placement student survey results suggest consistent incongruity between the effectiveness ratings given to each 'method' by field educators, and the degree to which field educators actually utilised the methods with students during the field placement. Students report that methods enabling the direct observation of their practice were amongst those least used in the field.