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51.
Jason M. Fletcher 《Journal of population economics》2011,25(1):201-218
A national sample of US teenagers combined with a complementary sample of US adults are used to examine the effects of teenage
childbearing on health behaviors by comparing female siblings in both the teenage sample and a sample of adults. Additionally,
miscarriage information available in the teenage sample is used to form comparison groups. Unlike previous estimates of the
effects of teenage childbearing on health behaviors, the results using these US samples and research designs suggest that
teenage childbearing has negligible effects on several measures of unhealthy behaviors for mothers and may be protective for
drug use and binge drinking. 相似文献
52.
Jason Owen-Smith 《Theory and Society》2011,40(1):63-94
This article draws on ethnographic data from a field leading university licensing office to document and explain a key step
in the process of institutionalization, the abstraction of standardized rules and procedures from idiosyncratic efforts to
collectively resolve pressing problems. I present and analyze cases where solutions to complicated quandaries become abstract
bits of professional knowledge and demonstrate that in some circumstances institutionalized practices can contribute to the
flexibility of expert reasoning and decision-making. In this setting, expertise is rationalized in response to institutional
tensions between academic and business approaches to deal making and professional tensions between relational and legal approaches
to negotiation. Abstraction and formalization contribute both to the convergence and stability of routines and to their improvisational
use in professional work. Close attention to these processes in a strategic research setting sheds new light on an interesting
tension in sociological theories of the professions while contributing to the development of a micro-level, social constructivist
institutional theory. 相似文献
53.
This paper investigates whether an expectations gap exists in the control, strategic and resource provision roles that independent directors play in the corporate governance of listed Chinese firms and the factors that affect their performance of these roles. For this purpose, we interviewed Chinese executive directors, independent directors, institutional investors and stock exchange regulators. We find a performance gap but no reasonableness gap with respect to the control and strategic roles. The results suggest that the performance gap may be attributed to such factors as the ill‐defined roles, independent directors' limited amount of time commitment and their lack of competence and objectivity. Interestingly, there is disagreement over the protection of minority interest as the objective of the control role. We find no consensus on the desirability, reasonableness and effectiveness of independent directors' resource provision role, perhaps because of a pejorative interpretation of this role as an exercise of guanxi. 相似文献
54.
55.
Foster parent perceptions of placement breakdown 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The purpose of the study was to describe the perceived causes of placement breakdown by foster parents. Sixty-three foster parents from fifty families were asked to describe their challenges in response to the following question: “What would make you consider ending a foster placement”? The responses to this question were analyzed using multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis, to yield nine themes. Foster parents indicated that they would consider ending a placement if there was a danger to their family, if the child could not adapt to the home or if they could not handle the child's behavior. Participants reported that the complex health needs of a foster child, problems dealing with the foster agency, and several unsuccessful attempts to make the placement work would cause a placement to breakdown. Foster parents also indicated that they would consider ending a placement if their personal circumstances changed, their own health deteriorated, or there was a lack of appropriate external support in place. The results of the study point to gaps in the research on violence in general foster care, foster parent perceptions of contributions to a foster child's transition back to his or her birth family, and the process of foster parent decision-making in cases of placement breakdown. 相似文献
56.
Drawing on interviews with more than 80 scientists on two university campuses, we create a typology that offers insights into how transformations in the nature and locus of life science innovation influence academic careers and work practices. Our analyses suggest that a strong outcome of increased academic concern with research commercialization is the appearance of new fault lines among faculty, between faculty and students, and even between scientists' interests and those of their institutions. We argue that life science commercialization is driven by a mix of new funding opportunities, changing institutional mandates for universities, and novel research technologies that bring basic research and product development into much closer contact. The rise of patenting and commercially motivated technology transfer on U.S. campuses is altering faculty work practices and relationships, while transforming the criteria by which success is determined and rewards are allocated. Through close analysis of interviews with four researchers who typify a range of academic responses to commercialism, we demonstrate emerging patterns of conflict and agreement in faculty responses to commercial opportunities in the life sciences. 相似文献
57.
58.
Darrell Anthony Luzzo Dylan P. Funk Jason Strang 《The Career development quarterly》1996,44(4):378-386
This study examined whether 60 college students (41 women and 19 men), grouped according to their career locus of control, were differentially affected by a videotaped career intervention. The intervention was an attributional retraining procedure designed to persuade students to attribute low levels of confidence in making career decisions and career-related failures to a lack of effort. Results indicated that the career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE) of students who initially exhibited an external career locus of control significantly increased after the attributional retraining procedure (p < .05), whereas the students who initially exhibited an internal career locus of control demonstrated no significant increase in CDMSE after attributional retraining. 相似文献
59.
Assertiveness training in a preventive drug education program 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
60.
Leonard A. Jason Arnold Reichler Judity Easton Angela Neal Midge Wilson 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》1984,6(4):259-269
While dramatic instances of male aggression directed toward women, such as rape and wife battering, have been frequently studied, a more subtle form of male aggression—female harassment—has been investigated less often. In the present study, 50 women who had terminated relationships with males and then were harassed were interviewed. In general, the harassment lasted for about a year, and episodes which occurred on a daily basis consisted of calls, letters, visits to home or work, being followed, verbal threats, and physical aggression. For the most part, these aggressive actions were perceived as both threatening and disturbing. Findings indicated that assertive female strategies were not more effective in reducing harassment than more sex-role stereotyped passive and nonassertive responses to male aggression. In the second phase of this study a sample of college undergraduates was interviewed on the topic of harassment. Fifty-six percent of the women indicated that they had been harassed by men.My thanks to Lyn De Amicis and LaVome Robinson for their instructive and helpful comments. 相似文献