Dan Zhu  G. Premkumar  Xiaoning Zhang  Chao‐Hsien Chu 《决策科学》2001,32(4):635-660

Intrusion detection systems help network administrators prepare for and deal with network security attacks. These systems collect information from a variety of systems and network sources, and analyze them for signs of intrusion and misuse. A variety of techniques have been employed for analysis ranging from traditional statistical methods to new data mining approaches. In this study the performance of three data mining methods in detecting network intrusion is examined. An experimental design (3times2x2) is created to evaluate the impact of three data mining methods, two data representation formats, and two data proportion schemes on the classification accuracy of intrusion detection systems. The results indicate that data mining methods and data proportion have a significant impact on classification accuracy. Within data mining methods, rough sets provide better accuracy, followed by neural networks and inductive learning. Balanced data proportion performs better than unbalanced data proportion. There are no major differences in performance between binary and integer data representation.  相似文献   

    

Roger E. Herman  Joyce L. Gioia‐Herman 《Global Business and Organizational Excellence》2001,20(3):35-40

Most companies are suffering from staffing difficulties, increasing the importance of employee retention. Creative approaches are giving many employers a competitive edge in the war for talent. Examples of the strategies of enlightened employers offer models to follow and may stimulate some refreshing ideas. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

    

Daniel R. Kibbe  Jill Casner‐Lotto 《Global Business and Organizational Excellence》2002,21(3):57-67

Semiautonomous work groups have played a major role in the success of the Ralston Foods plant located in Sparks, Nevada. Work groups, particularly those that are self‐directed, have produced record‐breaking output levels and generated cost reductions over the past several years. Work groups are responsible for many functions—everything from supporting capital projects, communications, customer relations, and cost controls to discipline, performance appraisals, safety, and hiring. It took some time for us as managers to relinquish those duties, but sticking to the participative process even at times when it feels easier to revert to the traditional managerial role and focus solely on results has been a key factor in sustaining our growth. The case study that follows details the operating philosophy of the Sparks plant and its evolution from a retrofitted pet‐food operation into a mature, team‐based cereal plant—including both our successes and difficulties and the key lessons learned along the way. While there are several qualities that distinguish our team process at Sparks, a critical factor has been our responsiveness to change. This factor will ensure our success in the future, as we develop a new mission and strategy in response to some unprecedented business challenges and opportunities ahead. © 2001 Work in America Institute  相似文献   

    

James M. Hunt  Joseph Weintraub 《Global Business and Organizational Excellence》2002,21(2):39-44

Managers who coach their employees become known as good managers to work for, developers of talent, and achievers of business results. They also become better leaders in the process. The average manager, however, doesn't coach, believing it would take too much time or be a waste of effort. Such barriers, however, are more psychological than real, and represent an expression of the status quo. The fact is that coaching managers behave differently, and that contributes to their brand. The bottom line: Since most managers don't coach, those who do actively help their employees learn and grow have a competitive advantage, one that can enhance their careers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

    

Frank A. Cowell  Maria‐Pia Victoria‐Feser 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2002,70(3):1221-1233

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Joseph M. Roberts  Daniel W. Tretter 《Global Business and Organizational Excellence》1993,12(2):183-191

In today's competitive climate, even the most successful firms have to look for new and better ways to meet their goals. At Binney & Smith, the journey to improvement began with some careful self-assessment and it continues with a clear business objective-profitable revenue growth through continuous improvement by involvement of all employees.  相似文献   

    

Gray  George M.  Allen  Jon C.  Burmaster  David E.  Gage  Stuart H.  Hammitt  James K.  Kaplan  Stanley  Keeney  Ralph L.  Morse  Joseph G.  North  D. Warner  Nyrop  Jan P.  Stahevitch  Alina  Williams  Richard 《Risk analysis》1998,18(6):773-780

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) have focused attention on risk assessment of potential insect, weed, and animal pests and diseases of livestock. These risks have traditionally been addressed through quarantine protocols ranging from limits on the geographical areas from which a product may originate, postharvest disinfestation procedures like fumigation, and inspections at points of export and import, to outright bans. To ensure that plant and animal protection measures are not used as nontariff trade barriers, GATT and NAFTA require pest risk analysis (PRA) to support quarantine decisions. The increased emphasis on PRA has spurred multiple efforts at the national and international level to design frameworks for the conduct of these analyses. As approaches to pest risk analysis proliferate, and the importance of the analyses grows, concerns have arisen about the scientific and technical conduct of pest risk analysis. In January of 1997, the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis (HCRA) held an invitation-only workshop in Washington, D.C. to bring experts in risk analysis and pest characterization together to develop general principles for pest risk analysis. Workshop participants examined current frameworks for PRA, discussed strengths and weaknesses of the approaches, and formulated principles, based on years of experience with risk analysis in other setting and knowledge of the issues specific to analysis of pests. The principles developed highlight the both the similarities of pest risk analysis to other forms of risk analysis, and its unique attributes.  相似文献   

    

Craig R. Carter  Joseph R. Carter 《决策科学》1998,29(3):659-684

Environmental purchasing consists of the purchasing function's involvement in activities that include reduction, recycling, reuse, and substitution of materials. Despite the potentially important role that the purchasing function can play in a firm's environmental activities, little research has been performed to date that examines the factors that impact environmental purchasing. The authors develop and empirically test a theoretical model that examines how interorganizational factors both drive and constrain purchasing's involvement in environmental activities. The empirical findings suggest that environmental purchasing activities will be facilitated through increased coordination with suppliers as well as downstream members of the supply chain, including retailers. The results also suggest the need for increased coordination within the firm, particularly between the purchasing function on the inbound side and marketing and distribution functions on the outbound side.  相似文献   

    

Susan L. Norris  Haley K. Holmer  Rongwei Fu  Lauren A. Ogden  Meera S. Viswanathan  Ahmed M. Abou‐Setta 《Research Synthesis Methods》2014,5(3):273-284

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Mortaza Jamshidian  Ke‐Hai Yuan 《Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics》2014,6(1):56-73

This paper reviews various methods of identifying missing data mechanisms. The three well‐known mechanisms of missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR), and missing not at random (MNAR) are considered. A number of tests deem rejection of homogeneity of means and/or covariances (HMC) among observed data patterns as a means to reject MCAR. Utility of these tests as well as their shortcomings are discussed. In particular, examples of MAR and MNAR data with homogeneous means and covariances between their observed data patterns are provided for which tests of HMC fail to reject MCAR. More generally, tests of homogeneity of parameter estimates between various subsets of data are reviewed and their utility as tests of MCAR and MAR (in special cases) is pointed out. Since many tests of MCAR assume multinormality, methods to assess this assumption in the context of incomplete data are reviewed. Tests of homogeneity of distributions among observed data patterns for MCAR are also considered. A new nonparametric test of this type is proposed on the basis of pairwise comparison of marginal distributions. Finally, methods of examining missing data mechanism based on sensitivity analysis including methods that model missing data mechanism based on logistic, probit, and latent variable regression models, as well as methods that do not require modeling of missing data mechanism are reviewed. The paper concludes with some practical comments about the validity and utility of tests of missing data mechanism. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:56–73. doi: 10.1002/wics.1287 This article is categorized under:

• Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
• Applications of Computational Statistics > Psychometrics

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