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991.
Cultural Theory, as developed by Mary Douglas, argues that differing risk perceptions can be explained by reference to four distinct cultural biases: hierarchy, egalitarianism, individualism, and fatalism. This paper presents empirical results from a quantitative survey based on a questionnaire devised by Karl Dake to measure these cultural biases. A large representative sample (N = 1022) was used to test this instrument in the French social context. Correlations between cultural biases and perceptions of 20 social and environmental risks were examined. These correlations were very weak, but were statistically significant: cultural biases explained 6%, at most, of the variance in risk perceptions. Standard sociodemographic variables were also weakly related to risk perceptions (especially gender, social class, and education), and cultural biases and sociodemographic variables were themselves inter correlated (especially with age, social class, and political outlook). The authors compare these results with surveys conducted in other countries using the same instrument and conclude that new methods, more qualitative and contextual, still need to be developed to investigate the cultural dimensions of risk perceptions. The paper also discusses relationships between perceptions of personal and residual risk, and between perceived risk and demand for additional safety measures. These three dimensions were generally closely related, but interesting differences were observed for some risk issues. 相似文献
992.
993.
Norman Schofield 《Social Choice and Welfare》2001,18(3):571-600
This review of William Riker's work suggests that his interest in rational choice theory was based on his desire to understand
profound constitutional transformation in U.S. political history. Although he argued that “anything can happen in politics,”
his use of the notion of heresthetic allowed him to focus on key contingent events. Indeed his later work added depth to his
inductive generalizations on the nature of “federal bargains” and coalition formation. Recent work by Austen-Smith and Banks,
Merrill and Grofman, and Lijphart is also discussed in the light of Riker's earlier ideas on voting and democracy.
Received: 25 February 2000/Accepted: 16 March 2000 相似文献
994.
995.
Jean E. Balestrery 《Journal of gerontological social work》2016,59(4):296-315
Indigenous peoples around the world endure health and social disparities. In the United States, such disparities are typically ameliorated through conventional care services and organizations. Purpose: To examine points of tension that characterize culturally pluralistic care services in the United States, specifically Alaska, within context of Indigenous colonial histories. Design and Methods: The research design is ethnographic and multisited, comprising 12 months of fieldwork across urban, rural and remote village sites in Alaska. A conceptual lens that accounts for culturally diverse social spaces where relations of power are at stake frames research presented here. This work incorporates relational and participatory action research principles with Alaska Native Elders. Ethnographic evidence was collected through multiple methods, including field notes, documents, and interviews, with ethnographic analysis involving atlas.ti. Findings: Alaska Native Elders describe salient points of tension characterizing Alaska’s conventional care services through the following insights: generational curses-—a pain, prejudice on both sides—wounded, and value-systems clash—fighting. Conclusion: This article concludes with discussion about collective anxieties and implications for care services. 相似文献
996.
Much evidence suggests that people are heterogeneous with regard to their abilities to make rational, forward‐looking decisions. This raises the question as to when the rational types are decisive for aggregate outcomes and when the boundedly rational types shape aggregate results. We examine this question in the context of a long‐standing and important economic problem: the adjustment of nominal prices after an anticipated monetary shock. Our experiments suggest that two types of bounded rationality—money illusion and anchoring—are important behavioral forces behind nominal inertia. However, depending on the strategic environment, bounded rationality has vastly different effects on aggregate price adjustment. If agents' actions are strategic substitutes, adjustment to the new equilibrium is extremely quick, whereas under strategic complementarity, adjustment is both very slow and associated with relatively large real effects. This adjustment difference is driven by price expectations, which are very flexible and forward‐looking under substitutability but adaptive and sticky under complementarity. Moreover, subjects' expectations are also considerably more rational under substitutability. 相似文献
997.
Philippe Chevalier Jean‐Christophe Van den Schrieck 《Production and Operations Management》2008,17(3):306-319
Multiple‐skill call centers propagate rapidly with the development of telecommunications. An abundance of literature has already been published on call centers. Here, we want to focus on centers that would typically occur in business‐to‐business environments; these are call centers that handle many types of calls but where the arrival rate for each type is low. To find an optimal configuration, the integrality of the decision variables is a much more important issue than for larger call centers. The present paper proposes an approach that uses elements of combinatorial optimization to find optimal configurations. We develop an approximation method for the evaluation of the service performance. Next, we search for the minimum‐cost configuration subject to service‐level constraints using a branch‐and‐bound algorithm. What is at stake is to find the right balance between gains resulting from the economies of scale of pooling and the higher cost or cross‐trained agents. The article shows that in most cases this method significantly decreases the staffing cost compared with configurations with only cross‐trained or dedicated operators. 相似文献
998.
Pauline Allen Jean Townsend Paul Dempster John Wright Andrew Hutchings Justin Keen 《Social Policy & Administration》2012,46(3):239-257
In addition to introducing markets and market‐like structures into public services, New Labour wished to promote the involvement of users and the public in decision‐making in other ways than as individual consumers. One way was to involve the public in the governance of organizations. This could be done by removing public services from state control, and transferring them to mutual ownership; or by increasing public involvement in the governance of public bodies. NHS foundation trusts (FTs) were presented as mutuals. Our study shows FTs are not mutuals, as they continue to be owned by the state. Moreover, staff of FTs were generally not engaging with the new governance structures. In general, there was mixed experience of the new structures enabling governors to increase accountability of the hospitals to the public. On the other hand, having a membership did enhance the legitimacy of FTs, as opposed to other NHS organizations. The findings of the study are of current interest as the coalition government is continuing with the policy of FTs, and also encouraging mutuals and other forms of public involvement. 相似文献
999.
We propose a simple model with preference-based adverse selection and moral hazard that formalizes the cherry picking/propitious
selection argument. This argument assumes that individuals differ in risk aversion, potentially resulting in more risk averse
agents buying more insurance while being less risky. The propitious selection argument is summarized by two properties: regularity
(more risk averse agents exert more caution) and single-crossing (more risk averse agents have a higher willingness to pay
for insurance). We show that these assumptions are incompatible with a pooling equilibrium, and that they do not imply a negative
correlation between risk and insurance coverage at equilibrium.
相似文献
Philippe De DonderEmail: |
1000.
Noble JB 《Journal of homosexuality》2002,43(3-4):251-261
Through a close reading of the performances of masculinity by the Toronto drag kings, this chapter argues that drag king shows parody the hyper-masculine star at his most contradictory and dialogic. Given that drag king performances parody both the contradictions of masculinity on stage, and the productive technologies of the star, king performances are essentially both meta-theatrical (performances about performing where lights, music, body language, dance all make the man) and meta-performative (performances which are at once conditioned by the performative reiterations which enable a fiction of identity in the first place). Finally, I explore the rather abstracted question of what cultural work the category of "drag king" does. I argue that it is a term which articulates a series of productive but necessary slippages in and through the contradictory and dialogic practices of identification. The bottom line is this: drag kings are situated in and play with the ironic no man's land between "lesbian," "butch," "transman" and "bio-boy" where the sell evident is neither. 相似文献