Fractured weber: A critique of parsons' interpetation

The authors argue that Parsons, through commitment to his “convergence thesis” and to his structural-functionalism coupled with his biological evolutionism, misrepresents Weber. Parsons arbitrarily applies to the Weberian tradition his own criteria biased against history. His general theoretical focus inclines toward the tradition of the functionalist Durkheim and that of the evolutionist Spencer. The authors contend that the later metamorphosis of Parsons' general theory of action into a theory of social systems has resulted in an abstract conception of social reality that is incongrous with Weber's view. The source of the Parsonian bias is further traced in his psychologization of Weber. Finally, it is asserted that Parsons represents a case of a-historicism incompatible with the Weberian tradition, with the consequence that the important contributions of Weber's historical sociology for the understanding of social change in the modern world are lost.     

白族白文新论

40多年前 ,石钟健先生对白族历史上的白文作了全面而又系统的研究。近 2 0年来 ,又有不少学者对白文作了进一步的探讨。本文根据作者近年来实地调查搜集到的新材料和对云南地方史志、云南佛教文献的最新研究成果 ,在明确定义白族白文的基础上 ,对白文的著作分类、特点、历史源流、评价等问题提出了与石钟健等先生不尽相同的看法。     

日本针灸医学的回顾与评价

回顾日本针灸医学尤其是江户时代针灸医学的发展状况,分析西学东渐后的日本医学发展轨迹,认为其对西医学主要具有全盘吸收、演滋发挥和中西汇通３个阶段。指出现代日本针灸医学具有改良性、折衷性和科学性３类特征。     

供求弹性变化对卡特尔的影响及卡特尔强制力的探讨

卡特尔是寡头垄断市场中厂商的一种重要勾结形式。对一个想要成功运作的卡特尔来说 ,市场供求弹性的变化和卡特尔强制力是必须考虑的两个重要问题。本文通过 4个案例 ,就市场供求弹性变化对卡特尔限产抬价的影响以及如何运用卡特尔强制力进行了相关探讨 ,并得出了一些有益的结论     

Estimating the locations and number of change points by the sample-splitting method

This paper derives a sequential testing and estimation method for the number of change points in structural-change models. In the first step, the parameters are estimated by a one-change model. The null hypothesis that there is no structural change against the alternative of one change is tested. If the null is rejected, then the whole sample is split into two subsamples by using the estimated change point in the previous step as a cutoff point. The same procedure is repeated until the null in each subsample is accepted. We argue that this method can consistently estimate the number, locations and magnitudes of changes. Situations in which the sample splitting method fails are also discussed. Received: April 22, 1997; revised version: October 15, 1999     

东北地区集群经济的发展障碍与对策选择

集群经济是指相类似的企业、行业或机构在特定区域地理上的集中所产生的经济现象,它与产业集群、规模经济、范围经济既有联系,又有区别.产业集群是集群经济发展中的典型现象和规律性表现;规模经济和范围经济是实现集群经济的基本途径和方式.加快东北地区经济的振兴有赖于集群经济的培育和发展.制度环境的约束、政府规制行为不当、区域经济一体化进程缓慢是东北地区集群经济发展的主要障碍.加快创新体系建设,提升产业结构层次,改善投资环境,科学制定发展规划是促进东北地区集群经济发展的对策选择.     

Housing first: paradigm or program?

Sobriety, treatment compliance and celibacy have traditionally been behavioral requirements for housing persons who are homeless, regardless of the circumstances leading to loss of home. This remnant of the British Poor Laws is based on the premise that personal and behavioral flaws lead to housing loss and must be remediated before a person can live in permanent housing. A recent approach has reversed this logic and predicates the ability to change based on first providing stable and long-term housing. Termed “housing first,” it is both a housing philosophy or paradigm that everyone deserves a home of their own, regardless of personal circumstances, prior to engaging in any rehabilitative efforts, it also describes specific program models. A review of the research indicates that the success of “housing first” relies more on political support than wide-spread scientific evidence of “best practices”. This report examines the development and scientific evidence for “housing first” programs in North America and suggests that future housing first research examine modifications necessary for distinct geographies and groups of homeless persons.     

Spatial variability of epibiotic assemblages on marina pontoons in Singapore

Berthing pontoons, one of the most ubiquitous structures in marinas, are known to provide recruitment substrate for a variety of marine biota but little has been reported on their capacity to support epibiotic organisms in tropical marinas, and even less is known about the factors that shape their distribution in such environments. We surveyed the epibiotic assemblages on the sides of pontoons in three Singapore marinas and examined the environmental conditions that influenced their distribution. A total of 94 taxa were recorded, with each marina hosting 43–65 taxa. Assemblages among marinas were highly distinct, and, key discriminants included components of biotic (alcyonarians, hexacorallians, bivalves, and annelids), as well as abiotic (sediment, bare area and shell fragments) origin. While the assemblage variation among marinas was influenced by local environmental conditions (e.g. water motion and sedimentation rate) and pontoon material, the variation in distribution within each marina was best explained by the distance of the pontoons from the marina’s entrance (epibiotic diversity and taxa richness were lower away from the marina entrance). Knowledge on the distribution of epibiotic assemblages on pontoons is essential to identify the factors that contribute to spatial variation and encourage the design and construction of ecologically-friendly marinas. Our findings suggest that improvements to pontoon design and layout would help to augment marina biodiversity, enhance the ecology of urbanised coasts, and mitigate development impacts.     

Reputation and Mechanism Choice in Procurement Auctions: An Experiment

We experimentally study the role of reputation in procurement using two common mechanisms: price‐based and buyer‐determined auctions. While buyers are bound to buy from the lowest bidder in price‐based auctions, they can choose between bidders in buyer‐determined auctions. Only the latter buyers can consider the reputation of bidders. We find that bidders supply higher quality in buyer‐determined auctions leading to higher market efficiencies in these auctions. Accordingly, buyers prefer the buyer‐determined auction over the price‐based auction, while only half of the bidders do so. A more detailed analysis of buyers' and bidders' behavior and profits provides insights into their mechanism choice.     

农业双重风险对农民收入影响的实证研究

农业生产受到自然和市场双重风险的影响。本文从实证的角度对农业自然风险、市场风险与农民收入之间的关系进行了研究。研究发现,农业双重风险对农民收入的增长速度具有显著影响,其中农业自然风险的发生对农民收入的增长起到抑制作用,而农业市场风险对农民收入的增长起到了加速作用。同时两者的影响在上世纪90年代初经历了阶段性变化,农业自然风险让位于市场风险,成为了影响农民收入增长的主要风险。