Models with Errors due to Misreported Measurements

Measurement error and misclassification models feature prominently in the literature. This paper describes misreporting error, which can be considered to fall somewhere between these two broad types of model. Misreporting is concerned with situations where a continuous random variable X is measured with error and only reported as the discrete random variable Z. Data grouping or rounding are the simplest examples of this, but more generally X may be reported as a value z of Z which refers to a different interval from the one in which X lies. The paper discusses a method for handling misreported data and draws links with measurement error and misclassification models. A motivating example is considered from a prenatal Down's syndrome screening, where the gestational age at which mothers present for screening is a true continuous variable but is misreported because it is only ever observed as a discrete whole number of weeks which may in fact be in error. The implications this misreporting might have for the screening are investigated.     

One for All and All for One? A New Generation of Co-operatives Emerges

Business owners who traditionally organised their marketing and supply activities through co-operatives are changing their strategic orientation with increased frequency. The result is a “new generation” of co-operatives sweeping through several industries. This article examines how traditional co-operatives differ from the typical investor-owned firm and some of the motivating factors leading to the emergence of the new generation of co-operatives. These new generation co-operatives (NGCs) appear to be organisational hybrids combining aspects of investor ownership and co-operative ownership structures. The article describes differences between the traditional and new generation co-operatives with the objective of providing implications for managers who are faced with the movement toward more entrepreneurial organisations in their industries.     

The developmental dialectic: Its place in clinical listening

This article explores the ongoing internal dialectic between developmental states of merger and autonomy as it unfolds in clinical practice. A review of contemporary theory and illustrative case material suggest that attending to this dialectic-both in the client and in oneself-enhances clinical listening and fosters empathic attunement.An earlier version of this article was presented at the 20th Anniversary Conference of the National Federation of Societies for Clinical Social Work, Chicago, September 27–29, 1991.     

Generations and Motivations: Russian and other Former Soviet Immigrants in Costa Rica

GÉNÉRATIONS ET MOTIVATIONS : IMMIGRANTS RUSSES ET AUTRES IMMIGRANTS EX-SOVIÉTIQUES AU COSTA RICA
Nous examinons dans cet article le rôle qu'ont joué les réseaux sociaux dans la migration et l'installation des immigrants russes et autres immigrants de l'ex-Union soviétique au Costa Rica. Ce groupe d'immigrants est particulièrement intéressant en ce qu'il constitue un exemple de migration à partir d'une ex-nation communiste dans un pays du tiers-monde et non dans un pays riche (États-Unis ou pays européen). De plus, des femmes soviétiques qui ont épousé des Costariciens vers la fin des années 1970 sont à l'origine de cette migration. Notre recherche avait pour objectif d'examiner la structure et la signification de ces réseaux sociaux d'immigrants ainsi que le rôle qu'ils jouent dans le pro-cessus de migration et pendant l'installation. Les résultats donnent à penser qu'il existe une différence significative dans la forme et la fonction des réseaux sociaux des immigrants arrivés avant 1991 (pendant l'époque soviétique) et de ceux qui sont venus après 1991 et à la suite de l'effondrement de l'Union soviétique.     

Union membership and perceived powerlessness in southern US textiles*

Using Marxist, mass society, organizational, and social movements literatures, we distinguish alternative accounts of the relationship between union membership and perceived powerlessness. Then, we illustrate the distinctions with survey data on southern US textile workers. Logistic and ordinary least squares regression analyses suggest two interpretations for this group of workers: union membership influences perceived powerlessness by providing members a responsive organization that contrasts with their lack of control in the workplace; and perceived powerlessness, when combined with endorsement of collective strategies for change, encourages union membership. In the southern textile case, we find that race is associated with specific ideological leanings regarding collective strategies. The location of our sample, its particular position in the political economy of the US, and the relative immaturity of its union allow for instructive comparisons with other sociological treatments of work attitudes and collective action.     

Three profiles of heavy metal fans: A taste for sensation and a subculture of alienation

Profiles of three fans of heavy metal music are presented, in order to examine the definition and boundaries of the heavy metal subculture. It is suggested on the basis of these profiles that a high level of sensation seeking can lead to a liking for heavy metal music, because the music provides such high-intensity sensation. However, fans become part of thesubculture of heavy metal music only to the extent that their high sensation seeking is combined with alienation. Although all three people profiled enjoyed the high sensation qualities of the music, their involvement in the subculture varied according to the depth of their alienation. Jack, deeply alienated, was deeply committed to the subculture. Brian's alienation was moderate, and his involvement in the subculture was moderate as well. Marvin was not alienated in the least, and was essentially outside the subculture.