民办高校实现跨越式发展的经费管理模式问题研究

在阐明民办高校本质的基础上,勾画了民办高校实现跨越式发展的可行路径,将高校的核心层次圈定为教学和科研两部门,并特别将科研部门的活动分为经常性和非常性两类,并分别探讨了与之相适应的经费管理模式。     

Who Cares If Police Become Violent? Explaining Approval of Police Use of Force Using a National Sample

Understanding police violence is important in part because police violence, if generally tolerated, could transform a society based on law into one governed by political and personal whim. This research asks whether the conflict perspective can explain which groups are more likely to approve of police use of force, and whether several dimensions of power are at issue or just a few. Previous studies have found that race is the most important factor in determining approval of police use of force. Gender, age, class, and other variables have shown mixed results. Using a national sample (1998 General Social Survey), this paper contributes a more comprehensive examination of this issue to the small body of literature in this area. We look at approval of police use of force in five scenarios. Our findings show that minorities and women are more likely to disapprove of police use of force. Supporting a narrow application of conflict theory, other dimensions of power appear not to affect attitudes toward police hitting citizens. Context of violence matters too. When situations are not actively threatening for officers, by near consensus, violence is unacceptable. Disagreement comes from less clear-cut circumstances.     

Return Migrations of African‐Americans to the South: Reclaiming a Land of Promise,Going Home,or Both?*

Abstract Using samples of census data from the University of Minnesota Population Center's “Integrated Public Use Microdata Series” (IPUMS), we describe trends in African‐American migration to the South across recent decades, and explore the applicability of the concept of “return migration” to various demographic patterns. Our findings suggest that the return movement contains multiple migration streams involving African‐Americans of higher socio‐economic status (compared with both origin and destination populations) moving to both urban and rural destinations. These patterns represent clear differences from the earlier 20^th century's “Great Migration” of African‐Americans from South to North. The recent return migration streams suggest that the South may be replacing the North as a “land of promise” for some upwardly mobile African‐Americans, and may also reflect what Carol Stack (1996) has termed a “call to home” as a motivating factor shaping recent African‐American migration to the rural South.     

Revisiting the Moderating Effect of Social Support on Strain: A Gendered Test

Agnew's General Strain Theory (GST) has both revived and advanced strain theory. It has recently been applied to topics ranging from gender differences in delinquency to differences in community crime rates. Tests of GST are now focusing on the intermediate variables that fall between GST and delinquency, such as anger and social support, but these tests have produced varying results. This paper adds to GST literature by empirically analyzing whether social support moderates individuals' responses to strain and whether this moderating effect varies by gender. Testing is conducted using data from wave six of the National Youth Survey (NYS). Results provide support for GST and suggest that there are gender differences in the types and levels of strain experienced during the late teens. Further, there is evidence to support the hypothesis that social support does moderate females' responses to certain types of strain.     

Managing Contradiction: Stockholder and Stakeholder Views of the Firm as Paradoxical Opportunity

Stockholder and stakeholder perspectives have been positioned in the literature as being in tension, and thus a potential source of innovation and change. However, researchers have overlooked a systematic examination of this presumption in theory and in practice. This study explores the ways that stockholder and stakeholder assumptions are presented by theorists and compares these with expressions of stockholder and stakeholder perspectives used by firms in practice. We argue that theoretical entrenchment dichotomizing these perspectives has disrupted the ability of researchers to leverage this tension. While scholarship remains trapped in a vicious cycle, we also argue that firms in practice express only the acceptance dimension of a virtuous cycle. Our empirical research demonstrates that firms accept and accommodate the paradoxical tension between managing for stockholders versus balancing the interests of stakeholders. This is evidenced by strategies we identify as book‐ending, cadence, continuous and simultaneous co‐mingling, and hybridization. We find that in practice these tensions are more integrated whereas in theory they are treated as more distinct and, often, in conflict. We suggest ways in which both scholarship and practice can better leverage tension as paradoxical opportunity.     

后现代哲学思潮与当代建筑理论

介绍了始于二十世纪前半叶西方现代哲学领域出现的后现代哲学思潮,通过分析后现代哲学转向的主要特征——对身体问题、语言问题、他者问题的重新思考,进而从三个方面研究后现代哲学思潮对当代建筑设计理论的影响:建筑体验与场所理论,建筑系统及其复杂性理论,生态建筑与地域主义建筑理论。总结当代建筑理论研究的新趋势,探讨当代建筑理论发展的深层原因。     

18世纪英国关于犬类税的争论

在近代英国,针对过多犬类对于公共健康、财产安全、狩猎法维护与济贫等造成的问题,民众与政府在犬类管理上经历一个由屠杀到征税的过程。对犬类征税旨在限制其数量,但是也引发了持续整个18世纪的争论。在国家权力限度、狩猎法改革、公共道德改革等方面的争论反映出养犬长期成为英国社会问题的归因指向。直到18世纪下半期,动物主体权利的主张开始出现,犬类地位上升,养犬才由多余成为必需。1796年《犬类税法》的通过以立法的形式肯定了这种变化,从而保障了英国普通民众养犬的权利。