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211.
Todahl JL Linville D Chou LY Maher-Cosenza P 《Journal of marital and family therapy》2008,34(1):28-43
Although a few family therapy researchers and clinicians have urged universal screening for intimate partner violence (IPV), how screening is implemented-and, in particular, client and therapist response to screening-is vaguely defined and largely untested. This qualitative study examined the dilemmas experienced by couples and family therapy interns when implementing universal screening for IPV in an outpatient clinic setting. Twenty-two graduate students in a COAMFTE-accredited program were interviewed using qualitative research methods grounded in phenomenology. Three domains, 7 main themes, and 26 subthemes were identified. The three domains that emerged in this study include (a) therapist practice of universal screening, (b) client response to universal screening, and (c) therapist response to universal screening. Implications for practice, research, training, and supervision are discussed. 相似文献
212.
OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed associations between body weight perception and weight loss strategies. PARTICIPANTS: They randomly selected male and female college students (N = 38,204). METHODS: The authors conducted a secondary data analysis of the rates of weight loss strategies and body weight perception among students who completed the National College Health Assessment survey. RESULTS: Half of respondents (50%) were trying to lose weight, although only 28% of students were overweight or obese. Also, 12% of respondents had inaccurate body weight perception. Women and men with inaccurate body weight perception were significantly more likely to engage in inappropriate weight loss strategies than were those with accurate body weight perception. Of all students attempting to lose weight, 38% used both diet and exercise. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that college students are interested in weight loss and that body weight perception plays an important role in the desire to lose weight. 相似文献
213.
The Impact of Social Desirability Biases on Self-Report Among College Student and Problem Gamblers 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Kuentzel JG Henderson MJ Melville CL 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(3):307-319
The impacts of two types of social desirability bias, self-deceptive enhancement (SDE) and impression management (IM), were
examined on self-reports of gambling problems, measured by the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), and recent gambling behavior, as measured by the Timeline Followback (TLFB) method, in a sample of college students (N = 191), and a sample of treatment-seeking problem gamblers (N = 49). Consistent with our expectations, IM was negatively associated with SOGS scores in both samples. IM was most highly
correlated with SOGS scores among treatment-seeking participants (r = −.44, p < .01). Substantial numbers of participants in both samples had high enough IM scores as to call into question the validity
of their self-report gambling data, according to published interpretive guidelines. With respect to SDE, we had predicted
that it would be positively related to gambling behaviors and gambling-related problems, but found that SDE was inversely
related to SOGS scores in both samples. Very little evidence was found for social desirability effects on TLFB scores. Thus,
preliminary evidence was obtained that self-report data on gambling problems, but not on gambling behavior (frequency of gambling
and amount of time and money spent), may be susceptible to the effects of impression management in both college students and
treatment-seeking gamblers. 相似文献
214.
David?R.?HotchkissEmail author Jeffrey?J.?Rous Eric?E.?Seiber Andrés?A.?Berruti 《Population research and policy review》2005,24(6):543-571
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between MCH service utilization and contraceptive use in five countries:
Bolivia, Guatemala, Indonesia, Morocco, and Tanzania. The analysis is carried out at the level of the individual woman, with
contraceptive-use status modeled as a function of: (1) the availability, quality, and packaging of MCH and family planning
services; (2) community- and individual-level determinants of health service and contraceptive use; and (3) intensity of prior
MCH service use. Data for the analysis comes from DHS data on women of reproductive age linked with data from service-availability
surveys. We use full-information, maximum-likelihood regression techniques to control for the effects of unobserved heterogeneity
that might otherwise bias our estimates. In three of the five countries (Morocco, Guatemala, and Indonesia) the results of
the analysis suggest that the intensity of MCH service use is positively associated with subsequent contraceptive use among
women, even after controlling for observed and unobserved individual- and community-level factors. This result lends support
to the proposition that, at least in the context of these three countries, the intensity of MCH service per se use does have a “causal” impact on subsequent contraceptive use, even after controlling for factors that “predispose” sample
women to use health care services. 相似文献
215.
Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972, we examine the effect of the legal status of coresidential unions on the likelihood of dissolution. We find that legal unions are much more stable than nonlegal unions. In addition, current legal status is more important for predicting stability of union than is legal status at the initiation of the union. We also find that the effect of current legal status remains constant over various durations of unions and that legalizing a nonlegal union has little effect beyond that expected on the basis of a occupying a particular legal status. 相似文献
216.
This paper introduces an empirical indicator designed to measure the temporal stability of regression models used to produce subnational population estimates. Analysis of 67 counties in Florida centers on 1970 total population estimates generated from ratio-correlation and difference-correlation models. Comparisons are made between eight different regression specifications and employ a quantitative measure of relative estimate accuracy. The major findings of this study are that (a) variable measurement and type are important determinants of estimate accuracy, and (b) although temporal stability of the coefficients impacts estimation errors, the influence is not as pervasive as is suggested in the literature. 相似文献
217.
This paper develops a methodology for constructing confidence intervals around postcensal state population estimates. Using regression equations, forecast intervals are derived around the average age-specific death rates over the postcensal estimation period. These results, combined with the number of postcensal deaths and the most current census counts, are translated into confidence intervals for the age structure. Two approaches are offered for constructing total population confidence intervals. One examines a simulated distribution while the other focuses on the mathematical derivation of population means and variances. The methodology is illustrated by deriving statistically defensible confidence intervals around the July 1, 1975 population of Florida. 相似文献
218.
Mobile phones are a crucial mode of communication and welfare enhancement in poor countries, especially those lacking an infrastructure
of fixed lines. In recent years much has been written about how mobile telephony in Africa is rapidly reducing the digital
divide with developed countries. Yet, when one examines the evidence it is not at all clear what is really happening. In one
country, Tanzania, for example, some observers point to the fact that 97% of the population lives under the mobile footprint,
while others show that ownership is very limited. These extreme values prompted us to review the situation in Africa as a
whole, in an effort to discover what is really going on. 相似文献
219.
Clinical and health policy research frequently involves health status measurement using generic or disease specific instruments.
These instruments are generally developed to arrive at several scales, each measuring a distinct domain of health quality
of life (HQOL). Clinical settings are starting to explore how to integrate patient perspectives of HQOL outcomes into patient
care. However, the length of many HQOL instruments poses a challenge in terms of patient burden, as well as clinic flow time.
The most popular paradigm for scale construction utilizes classical test theory methodology and can lead to excessive and
redundant items in an effort to bolster reliability measurements such as Cronbach’s alpha above levels of accepted reliability.
This paper presents techniques for utilizing item response theory to arrive at single item scales that are diagnostically
informative and short enough to have clinical utility. A danger of such dramatic scale reduction is that validity might be
compromised. This danger is addressed in terms of criterion related validity and sensitivity to clinical changes over a 36 months
period. The reduction methods are illustrated using selected scales from the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2)
with data obtained from the study Pharmaceutical Care Outcomes: The Patient Role (PCOPR). 相似文献
220.
Leon F. Bouvier 《Population and environment》1990,11(3):193-202
A major Census Bureau study released in January 1989 has evoked renewed warnings in the media and among some population analysts that the U.S. faces population decline in the next century if it does not increase fertility and/or raise immigration. The report's middle scenario rests on an assumed future total fertility rate (TFR) of 1.8, life expectancy of 81.2 years, and net immigration of 500,000 annually. These mid-range assumptions would yield a United States population of 268 million by 2000, peaking at 302 million in 2040 and falling to 292 million by 2080. Questionable assumptions in the report's most likely scenario are discussed. These are:
- that immigrants bear children at the same rate as their equivalent age and racial group in the United States population.
- that the high TFR of Hispanics will not raise the overall 1.8 TFR foreseen for whites as the Hispanic proportion of the white population continues to grow.
- that net yearly immigration will fall to 575,000 in 1990 and 500,000 by 2000. The Census Bureau's "high" assumption of 800,000 net yearly may be more realistic.