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991.
This article examines performance evaluation systems of fifteen multinationals — five German, five UK and five US — and how they relate to corporate strategy or mission statements in each case. The technique of analysis used is the multilayered case study approach, and includes ‘face-to-face’ interviews.The results, by authors Jeffrey Coates, Edward Davis, Stephen Longden, Raymond Stacey (Aston University) and Clive Emmanuel (University of Glasgow), are very instructive. The cases show a consistent use of missions/strategies, objectives and performance measures within the companies, but wide variation between them. Detailed tables are presented which show clearly the range of variation between the companies and countries concerned. 相似文献
992.
993.
Daniel S. Messinger Tricia D. Cassel Susan I. Acosta Zara Ambadar Jeffrey F. Cohn 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2008,32(3):133-155
To better understand early positive emotional expression, automated software measurements of facial action were supplemented with anatomically based manual coding. These convergent measurements were used to describe the dynamics of infant smiling and predict perceived positive emotional intensity. Over the course of infant smiles, degree of smile strength varied with degree of eye constriction (cheek raising, the Duchenne marker), which varied with degree of mouth opening. In a series of three rating studies, automated measurements of smile strength and mouth opening predicted naïve (undergraduate) observers’ continuous ratings of video clips of smile sequences, as well as naïve and experienced (parent) ratings of positive emotion in still images from the sequences. An a priori measure of smile intensity combining anatomically based manual coding of both smile strength and mouth opening predicted positive emotion ratings of the still images. The findings indicate the potential of automated and fine-grained manual measurements of facial actions to describe the course of emotional expressions over time and to predict perceptions of emotional intensity. 相似文献
994.
Chulhee KangFemida Handy Lesley HustinxRam Cnaan Jeffrey L. BrudneyDebbie Haski-Leventhal Kirsten HolmesLucas Meijs Anne Birgitta PessiBhagyashree Ranade Karen SmithNaoto Yamauchi Siniša Zrinš?ak 《The Social Science Journal》2011,48(2):283-294
This study is targeted to understanding the giving of time and money among a specific cohort - university students across 13 countries. It explores predictors of different combinations of giving behaviors: only volunteering, only donating, neither, as compared to doing both. Among the predictors of these four types of giving behavior, we also account for cross-national differences across models of civil society. The findings show that students predominantly prefer to give money than to volunteer time. In addition, differences in civil society regimes provide insights into which type of giving behavior might dominate. As expected, in the Statist and Traditional models of civil society, students consistently were more likely to be disengaged in giving behaviors (neither volunteering nor giving money) in comparison to students in the Liberal model who were more likely to report doing ‘both’ giving behaviors. An important implication of our findings is that while individual characteristics and values influence giving of time and money, these factors are played out in the context of civil society regimes, whose effects cannot be ignored. Our analysis has made a start in a new area of inquiry attempting to explain different giving behaviors using micro and macro level factors and raises several implications for future research. 相似文献
995.
Tad Stephen Anderson Elizabeth K. Michael James Jeffrey Peirce 《Public Organization Review》2012,12(1):1-22
Analyses of public-private academic partnerships (PPAPs) in terms of management, organization, funding, and partner relationships
are presented with three case studies, selected to display a range of governance models. The increasing challenges of Big
Science seem to demand the merging of the public, private, and academic sectors into a single collaboration. Three conclusions
are drawn: (1) complex PPAPs can be successful if partner’s roles are clearly defined; (2) Big Science needs PPAPs to achieve
results; and (3) the management style for CLEANER, a Collaborative Large-Scale Engineering Analysis Network for Environmental
Research, should make use of a hierarchical PPAP organizational style. 相似文献
996.
Jeffrey C. Dixon 《The British journal of sociology》2008,59(4):681-708
Turkey's proposed entry into the European Union (EU) has been undermined by Europeans’ perceptions of Turkish–European cultural differences, particularly regarding the liberal‐democratic values that the EU promotes (democracy, rule of law, and respect for and appreciation of minority/human rights). Yet, cross‐national research on values has not focused on Turkey, the EU, and these liberal‐democratic values, leaving assumptions of cultural differences and their explanations untested. Through analyses of World and European Values Survey data (1999–2002), this article asks whether people in Turkey have the same values regarding democracy, rule of law (versus religious and authoritarian rule), and minority/human rights as people in EU member and candidate states (as of 2000)? What factors explain these values? I find that people in Turkey support democracy to the same extent as people in EU member and candidate states, but people in Turkey are more supportive of religious and authoritarian rule and are less tolerant of minorities. Although the ‘clash of civilizations’ thesis expects liberal values to be ordered according to countries’ religious traditions, with western Christian the most supportive and Islamic the least, only for tolerance of minorities values is this pattern found. Instead, economic development most consistently explains differences between Turkey and EU member and candidate states in support for these values. I conclude with calls for theoretical refinement, particularly of the clash of civilizations thesis, along with suggestions for future research to examine more Muslim and Orthodox countries; I discuss the debate over Turkey's EU entry. 相似文献
997.
Jeffrey Dew 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2007,28(1):89-104
This study examines whether assets and consumer debts relate to change in marital satisfaction and conflict in opposing ways
or in independent ways. It also tests whether these relationships are direct or mediated. Using a nationally representative
longitudinal sample, the results indicate that assets and consumer debt influence change in marital outcomes in mostly independent
rather than complementary ways. Consistent with prior literature, assets work indirectly by decreasing feelings of economic
pressure. Consumer debt, however, directly predicts changes in marital conflict, even after controlling for variables in the
family stress model. Debts also act indirectly by decreasing depression once economic pressure is included in the model. This
unexpected suppressor effect suggests that the meaning of debts may not be straightforward. 相似文献
998.
Jeffrey C. Shuman 《Long Range Planning》1975,8(5):81-90
The current state of research on corporate planning is directed at investigations of actual practices within specific industries. It is believed that by so doing, a more generally applicable theory of corporate planning will ultimately be developed. Within this broad framework, the study reported upon in this article was undertaken so that a determination could be made of the current level of actual planning by small businesses. More specifically, it focuses upon the corporate planning process within small and medium sized companies located in New England, U.S.A. 相似文献
999.
Jeffrey M. Timberlake Kenneth A. Rasinski & Eric D. Lock 《Social science quarterly》2001,82(1):184-196
Objective . In this article we investigate why traditionally conservative social groups show less support for spending on drug rehabilitation programs than for drug control spending in general. Methods . Using data from the 1984 through 1998 General Social Surveys, we first estimate logistic regressions of support for drug control spending across five sociopolitical cleavages. We then estimate effects of three types of sociopolitical attitudes on support for drug spending within traditionally conservative groups. Results . Resistance to rehabilitation spending among conservatives is related to their opposition to the welfare state, punitive attitudes toward criminals, and among whites, racial attitudes. Conclusions . Our findings suggest that citizens may withhold support for a social policy to the extent that it evokes negative associations with other salient sociopolitical issues or attitudes. We discuss the importance of these associations for understanding the relationships among political debate, public opinion, and policy outcomes. 相似文献
1000.
The current analysis considers the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention research record in the social sciences. We do so with special reference to what has been termed "AIDS Exceptionalism"—departures from standard public health practice and prevention research priorities in favor of alternative approaches to prevention that, it has been argued, emphasize individual rights at the expense of public health protection. In considering this issue, we review the historical context of the HIV epidemic; empirically demonstrate a pattern of prevention research characterized by systematic neglect of prevention interventions for HIV-infected persons; and articulate a rationale for "Prevention for Positives," supportive prevention efforts tailored to the needs of HIV+ individuals. We then propose a social psychological conceptualization of processes that appear to have influenced developments in HIV prevention research and directed its focus to particular target populations. Our concluding section considers whether there are social and research policy lessons to be learned from the record of HIV prevention research that might improve our ability to address effectively, equitably, and in timely fashion future epidemics that play out, as HIV does, at the junction of biology and behavior. 相似文献