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41.
This study utilizes data for 144 countries from 1991 to 2010 to present the first international estimates of the gasoline price elasticity of road fatalities. We instrument each country's gasoline price with that country's oil reserves and the yearly international crude oil price to address potential endogeneity concerns. Our findings suggest that the average reduction in road fatalities resulting from a 10% increase in the gasoline pump price is in the order of 3%–6%. Around 35,000 road deaths per year could be avoided by the removal of global fuel subsidies. (JEL R41, H23, O18, Q43) 相似文献
42.
Jenene Burke 《Disability & Society》2012,27(7):965-981
In this paper, the author explores how children with impairments can act as self-monitoring, autonomous individuals in their play in a community playground. In addition, the notion of children with impairments as creative agents in their play is examined. The evidence presented in this paper is derived from the views and perspectives of children with impairments as playground users, and was collected from the children’s photographic scrapbooks and the researcher’s own observations of children’s play in a naturalistic playground setting. The theoretical perspective for this paper draws on the emerging ‘social model of childhood disability’ and provides scope to attempt to understand the culturally constructed play-worlds of children with impairments. 相似文献
43.
The authors examine the assumption of the 1980s that the provision and costs of substance abuse services, among others, could best be met by expanding programs in the private sector. The study presents a comparison of public and private substance abuse services, based on data drawn from a national sample of outpatient units, and develops a profile of treatment and financing within three auspice (ownership) categories--private nonprofit, private for-profit, and public. An input-throughput-output framework was used to assess the public-private differences within a wide range of organizational characteristics. 相似文献
44.
Understanding the philosophical positions of classical and neopragmatists for mixed methods research
R. Burke Johnson Cornelis de Waal Tres Stefurak David L. Hildebrand 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2017,69(2):63-86
Pragmatism is the most popular philosophy/paradigm in the international field of mixed methods research (MMR). This article therefore introduces, describes, and contrasts the philosophies of the most well known pragmatists, including the three most important classical pragmatists (Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey) and two neopragmatists (Richard Rorty and Susan Haack). It is shown that Rorty and James fit well with qualitatively driven MMR (i.?e., MMR where the qualitative component of the study is primary); Peirce fits well with quantitatively driven MMR (i.?e., MMR where the quantitative component is primary); and Dewey fits well with MMR that attempts to treat qualitative and quantitative research/philosophy equally (i.?e., equal-status mixed methods research). Importantly, it is shown here that pragmatism offers a way out of many philosophy of science quagmires facing social researchers and it offers a promising philosophy for mixed methods research practice. 相似文献
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46.
M. R. McHale I. C. Burke M. A. Lefsky P. J. Peper E. G. McPherson 《Urban Ecosystems》2009,12(1):95-113
Many studies have analyzed the benefits, costs, and carbon storage capacity associated with urban trees. These studies have
been limited by a lack of research on urban tree biomass, such that estimates of carbon storage in urban systems have relied
upon allometric relationships developed in traditional forests. As urbanization increases globally, it is becoming important
to more accurately evaluate carbon dynamics in these systems. Our goal was to understand the variability and range of potential
error associated with using allometric relationships developed outside of urban environments. We compared biomass predictions
from allometric relationships developed for urban trees in Fort Collins, Colorado to predictions from allometric equations
from traditional forests, at both the individual species level and entire communities. A few of the equations from the literature
predicted similar biomass to the urban-based predictions, but the range in variability for individual trees was over 300%.
This variability declined at increasingly coarse scales, reaching as low as 60% for a street tree community containing 11
tree species and 10, 551 trees. When comparing biomass estimates between cities that implement various allometric relationships,
we found that differences could be a function of variability rather than urban forest structure and function. Standardizing
the methodology and implementing averaged equations across cities could be one potential solution to reducing variability;
however, more accurate quantification of biomass and carbon storage in urban forests may depend on development of allometric
relationships specifically for urban trees. 相似文献
47.
McNeilly DP Burke WJ 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2000,16(4):393-415
For a significant number of retired older adults (aged 65+), gambling has become a new form of recreation and entertainment. While prevalence studies have examined the incidence of problem gambling in other age groups, little research attention has been paid to the impact of gambling on older adults since the increase in availability and accessibility of legalized gambling within the last ten years. This study investigated the prevalence of problem gambling behaviors (SOGS-R), depression (GDS-15), levels of life satisfaction (SWLS), and motivations for gambling among older adults. A total of 315 older adults completed the study questionnaire and were grouped and analyzed according to those sampled from gambling venues and those from within the community. Results of the study found the most frequent accession and spending on several types of gambling occurred among older adults who were sampled at gambling venues. Older adults who were sampled at gambling venues were also found more likely to have higher levels of disordered gambling than older adults from the community, as measured by the SOGS-R. Relaxation, boredom, passing time, and getting away for the day were also the most likely reported motivations for the older adults who were gamblingpatrons. These findings provide an initial profile of older adults and their attitudes, motivations and gambling behaviors. 相似文献
48.
Participation and leadership in small groups 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
P J Burke 《American sociological review》1974,39(6):832-843
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