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41.
We show that Bayesian ex post aggregation is unstable with respect to refinements. Suppose a group of Bayesians use ex post
aggregation. Since it is a joint problem, each agent's problem is captured by the same model, but probabilities and utilities
may vary. If they analyze the same situation in more detail, their refined analysis should preserve their preferences among
acts. However, ex post aggregation could bring about a preference reversal on the group level. Ex post aggregation thus depends
on how much information is used and may keep oscillating (“flipping”) as one keeps adding more information.
Received: 16 April 2002/Accepted: 27 May 2002 相似文献
42.
Koji Takamiya 《Social Choice and Welfare》2003,20(1):77-83
In a general model of indivisible good allocation, S?nmez (1999) established that, whenever the core is nonempty for each
preference profile, if an allocation rule is strategy-proof, individually rational and Pareto optimal, then the rule is a
selection from the core correspondence, and the core correspondence must be essentially single-valued. This paper studies
the converse claim of this result. I demonstrate that whenever the preference domain satisfies a certain condition of `richness',
if the core correspondence is essentially single-valued, then any selection from the core correspondence is strategy-proof
(even weakly coalition strategy-proof, in fact). In particular, on the domain of preferences in which each individual has
strict preferences over his own assignments and there is no consumption externality, such an allocation rule is coalition
strategy-proof. And on this domain, coalition strategy-proofness is equivalent to Maskin monotonicity, an important property
in implementation theory.
Received: 22 February 2000/Accepted: 22 January 2002
I am grateful to Ryo-ichi Nagahisa, Shinji Ohseto, Hiroshi Ono, Tomoichi Shinotsuka and Shigehiro Serizawa for valuable comments.
And I am indebted to two anonymous referees for useful suggestions. Especially, I owe the present proof of Lemma 2 to one
referee. I also thank Yukihiko Funaki, Atsushi Kajii, Mamoru Kaneko, Eiichi Miyagawa, Tatsuyoshi Saijo, Manimay Sengupta,
Yves Sprumont, Yoshikatsu Tatamitani, Manabu Toda, Takashi Ui, Takehiko Yamato, Naoki Yoshihara and the participants of the
seminars in Hokkaido University, Kansai University, ISER (Osaka University), Otaru University of Commerce and Tsukuba University.
All errors are my own responsiblity. 相似文献
43.
Lee Friedman Edwin A. Fleishman Jennifer Mikulka Fletcher 《Journal of Engineering and Technology Management》1992,9(3-4)
This study attempted to identify the primary activities performed by R&D managers at different supervisory levels, and the cognitive and interpersonal ability requirements that underlie these activities. A task inventory containing 244 managerial tasks was completed by 117 R&D managers in nine organizations. The 48 tasks which managers rated as having spent the most time were factor analyzed, resulting in the identification of three primary activities: project management, personnel supervision, and strategic planning. Furthermore, these activities varied with supervisory level, with R&D managers performing a wider range of these activities with the progression from first-line to upper-level management.Thirty R&D managers later rated the degree to which 19 cognitive and interpersonal abilities were required for performing these primary activities. Strategic planning was rated as requiring significantly higher levels of oral expression, logical reasoning, originality, fluency of ideas, oral defense, and resistance to premature judgement than was required for the other two primary activities. Personnel supervision required a higher level of social sensitivity than was required for the other two activities. Project management required high levels of information ordering, oral fact- finding ability, problem sensitivity, and oral and written comprehension. Implications of the findings for understanding R&D managerial performance and personnel staffing functions are discussed. 相似文献
44.
45.
Frank De Zwart 《Theory and Society》2005,34(2):137-169
Governments around the world combat inequality by means of group-specific redistribution. Some pursue redistribution that benefits groups, but also wish to avoid accentuating or even recognizing group distinctions. This poses a dilemma that they try to resolve by adjusting the category system used to target redistribution. There are three types of adjustment: accommodation (the multicultural approach), denial (the ideal-typical liberal solution), and replacement (a compromise). In replacement the targets of redistributive policies are constructed to avoid accentuation or recognition of inconvenient group distinctions, but still allow redistribution that benefits these groups. Replacement is increasingly in demand around the world because the disadvantages of multiculturalism are becoming apparent while denial is hard to sustain in the face of group inequality. The actual effect of replacement is little researched and less understood, however. Does it resolve the dilemma of recognition? Two examples–India and Nigeria–where replacement has been tried ever since the 1950s cast doubt on its viability. 相似文献
46.
Cambridge Paul; Forrester-Jones Rachel; Carpenter John; Tate Alison; Knapp Martin; Beecham Jennifer; Hallam Angela 《British Journal of Social Work》2005,35(7):1039-1062
This paper reports on the organization of care management froma longitudinal study of community care for people resettledfrom long-stay learning disability and psychiatric hospitals.The findings from a 12-year follow-up of care management arrangementsin 12 learning disability and eight mental health study siteservices are described. The diversity of care management arrangementsfound at earlier points in the evaluation remained evident.Also, many of the former care in the communityservice users were excluded from mainstream care managementarrangements in their localities. The difficulty of developingperson-centred arrangements in learning disability and the lackof integration of the Care Programme Approach and care managementwere evident. The findings and observations are placed in thewider policy and practice context, with suggestions for takingcare management forward nationally and locally. 相似文献
47.
48.
49.
There was a time in this fair land when the railroad did not run When the wild majestic mountains stood alone against the
sun Long before the white man and long before the wheel When the green dark forest was too silent to be real
For they looked into the future and what did they see They saw an iron road running from the sea to the sea Bringing the goods
to a young growing land All up through the seaports and into their hands
From “Canadian Railroad Trilogy” by Gordon Lightfoot
The authors thank CPR managers and union officials representing CPR employees for their cooperation and patience in explaining
the intricacies of the railroad industry. Special appreciation is extended to Jason Copping, Labour Relations Manager, for
his facilitating our initial access to the company. 相似文献
50.
We analyze the wealth ejfects of the Texaco racial discrimination lawsuit both on the shareholders of Texaco and its major
U.S. competitors. Employing a comprehensive data set which included every case docket entry and every Wall Street Journal
article on the case as an experimental stimulus, our findings suggest that the overall cost of the case to Texaco shareholders
exceeded $500 million, that Texaco's tribulations had little, if any, impact on the share prices of its major competitors,
and that Wall Street Journal coverage of the case was highly correlated with significant changes in Texaco stock prices. This
last finding provides significant support for Hite 's suppostion that newspaper editors “key ” on ex post stock price changes
in selecting the events to be covered in the next day's edition.
The authors are grateful to Kee Chung for helpful comments on earlier drafts and also acknowlege the help-ful assistance of
the staff of the law library at the Cecil C. Humphreys School of Law at The University of Memphis. 相似文献