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251.
Much research suggests that political experts are more likelyto structure attitudes toward different issues in an ideologicallyconsistent fashion. Based on recent studies of motivationalinfluences on social cognition, we hypothesize that only expertswith a high need to evaluatea strong motivation to establishevaluations of social objectsmay "apply" ideology toa variety of issues. Data from the 1998 NES Pilot and 2000 NESare used to examine this hypothesis. While experts do show moreideological constraint, this relationship appears to be limitedto individuals with a high need to evaluate. Additional analysesindicated that this interactive effect extended to other indicesof the use of ideology as well. 相似文献
252.
Provisions of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 mandated shorter time frames for making permanency decisions and facilitating adoption. Yet for many children, foster care continued to be a significant portion of their life experiences. This project explored the potential permanency option of birthfamilies and extended kin for children who languished in foster care while being free for adoption. Eighteen children achieved permanent placement with their birthfamilies. In addition, staff found that although many families could not provide permanent placements, they could offer appropriate relationships with the children. This project team recommends viewing family relationships as an integral component where placement is one option on a continuum that includes letters, phone calls, and visits. 相似文献
253.
Miles L. Patterson Yuichi Iizuka Mark E. Tubbs Jennifer Ansel Masao Tsutsumi Jackie Anson 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2007,31(3):155-166
This study examined the microinteractions of pedestrians in Japan and in the United States as they walked past a confederate.
Specifically, the effects of culture, condition (avoid, look-only, and look plus smile) and sex of confederate on glances,
smiles, nods, and greetings by passing pedestrians were examined in a field study on over 1000 participants. The hypotheses
of (1) lower responsiveness in Japanese pedestrians than in American pedestrians and (2) increased responsiveness as a function
of condition were supported in a series of log-linear analyses of pedestrian glances, smiles, nods, and greetings. Both of
these main effects were, however, qualified by Culture X Condition interactions on smiles, nods, and greetings, with the large
condition effects present in the American pedestrians, but absent in the Japanese pedestrians. The results are discussed in
terms of the functions of glances, smiles, nods, and greetings in these brief encounters and how differing cultural norms
affect Japanese and American responsiveness. Finally, the limitations of this study and the broader utility of this research
paradigm are discussed.
相似文献
Miles L. PattersonEmail: |
254.
This paper explores the ways in which the work-life balance choices made by heterosexual couples differ in different generations, how such choices are gendered, and the extent to which 'individualization' provides an adequate conceptualization of the effects of social change on heterosexual couples. It argues that processes of individualization need to be seen in the context of changing social institutions, and that it is the de-institutionalization of 'the family' and the life course that is leading to a de-gendering of work-life balance choices. The paper draws on findings from a restudy of the family and social change and a study of the gender dimensions of job insecurity both of which were carried out in the same geographical location. The studies provide evidence of generational change in work-life balance choices and increasing occupational differentiation between heterosexual partners. This leads to a situation where increasingly choices are made which blur gendered boundaries and which has been made possible by a process of de-institutionalization of the male breadwinner family. Our findings support the contention that processes of individualization are more apparent amongst younger than older generations and that, because of changes external to the family, there is more negotiation and pragmatism amongst younger generations about work-life choices. 相似文献
255.
Weinstock J Whelan JP Meyers AW Watson JM 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(1):13-24
This study investigated the prevalence of gambling, gambling related NCAA violations, and disordered gambling in student-athletes
(n = 736) with a comparison cohort of students (n = 1,071) at four universities. Student-athletes reported similar rates of gambling frequency, use of a bookmaker, and disordered
gambling as students. After accounting for demographic differences, student-athletes were less likely to engage in sports
wagering than students. Several risk factors for disordered gambling were identified, including being male and reporting at
least one parent with a history of gambling problems. These findings suggest that problems associated with gambling are a
university-wide issue with student-athletes meriting additional attention because of implications for the integrity of intercollegiate
sports. Improved prevention and intervention efforts for collegiate gambling are recommended. 相似文献
256.
Chiverton P Lindley P Tortoretti DM Plum KC 《Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services》2007,45(11):46-55
Serious mental illness places a tremendous burden on clients, their families, and behavioral and medical health care providers. The co-occurrence of diabetes with mental illness may further compromise daily functioning. Psychiatric nurses can make a significant difference in improving the health and medical outcomes of this client population. A partnership was developed between the University of Rochester School of Nursing and the Western New York Care Coordination Program to evaluate a novel nursing model for adults with both serious mental illness and diabetes mellitus. The Well Balanced program incorporated health promotion, disease management, nursing care management, and evidence-based practice guidelines into 8 Steps to Wellness for a community-based mental health population. During a 16-visit intervention period, psychiatric nurses interacted with 74 clients. As a result of the program, clients experienced improvements in health risk status and in their hemoglobin A1C and reported high satisfaction with the Well Balanced program. 相似文献
257.
Elderly men are an understudied population in the area of abuse and neglect. The typical elder abuse or neglect victim is described as a frail woman. The National Elder Abuse Incidence Study shows men to be victims as well and at higher risk than women for abandonment, the most extreme form of neglect. A qualitative study of older widowed men did not specifically explore issues of abuse and neglect, but found several of the men experiencing alienation from one or more of their adult children. This paper explores the dynamics of these "fractured relationships" and finds several patterns that may increase an older man's risk of being neglected when his needs for support increase. Many men are not functioning in a kinkeeper role and are not attempting to repair fractured relationships. Minimizing their own feelings may prevent men from understanding the extent of alienation felt by an adult child. 相似文献
258.
This article provides the most recent U.S. prevalence estimates of forced sex and unwanted sexual activity. Results of a national telephone survey conducted in 2001-2003 indicate that 1 in 59 U.S. adults (2.7 million women and 978,000 men) experienced unwanted sexual activity in the 12 months preceding the survey and that 1 in 15 U.S. adults (11.7 million women and 2.1 million men) have been forced to have sex during their lifetime. There were 60.4% of females and 69.2% of males who were 17 years old or younger at the time the first forced sex occurred. This study provides an update to the National Violence Against Women Survey with more recent national data. Findings suggest that victimization rates have remained consistent since the 1990s. These findings suggest that a continued effort toward primary prevention of sexual violence, particularly rape of children and adolescents, is needed. 相似文献
259.
Lees E Taylor WC Hepworth JT Feliz K Cassells A Tobin JN 《Journal of aging and physical activity》2007,15(4):425-438
Despite the numerous benefits of physical activity, older adults continue to be more sedentary than their younger counterparts, and sedentary behavior is more prevalent among older racial and ethnic minorities than among Whites. This study used the nominal group technique (NGT) to examine participants' perceptions of what neighborhood environmental changes would encourage greater physical activity for older African American and Hispanic women. Participants age 50-75 years were recruited from 2 urban community health clinics. Nine NGT sessions (45 participants) were conducted. The women were asked what changes in their neighborhood environment would encourage them to become more physically active. Responses to the research question were tabulated, and qualitative analysis was used to identify themes and categories. Major categories were physical environment changes, safety, and activities/social support. Although the physical environment received the greatest number of points, concerns for personal safety cut across categories. Participants indicated the need for more facilities in which to be active. 相似文献
260.
Aging leads to significant losses in muscle mass, strength, and the ability to independently perform activities of daily living (ADL). Typically, standard resistance training (RT) has been used to reduce these losses in function by maintaining or even increasing muscle strength in older adults. Increasing strength does not necessarily, however, result in an increase in the ability to perform ADL. There is now research suggesting that muscle power is more closely associated with the performance of ADL than muscle strength is, so training for muscle power might lead to more beneficial results in functional performance. This review of studies investigating the effect of training on ADL performance in older adults indicated that standard RT is effective in increasing strength in older adults, but power training that contains high-velocity contractions might be a more optimal means of training older adults when the emphasis is on increasing the performance of ADL. 相似文献