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51.
Gayane Novikova 《Transition Studies Review》2004,11(3):213-223
The collapse of the USSR was accompanied by transformation of the South Caucasian latent ethnopolitical conflicts into local wars. Today the situation in the area of the conflicts is “neither war, nor peace”. Three unresolved conflicts of the South Caucasus can be considered as one of the most serious obstacles for establishing a regional security system.The article gives the general characteristics of these conflicts, the trends of their development, taking into account the time factor, and analyzes the behavioral models of the main players – de jure recognized and unrecognized de facto states of the South Caucasus. The basic objective of the main players should be to keep the situation on a level preventing the resumption of the armed conflicts. The attempts of forced resolution of the conflicts are fraught with destabilization of the situation not only in the area of any of these conflicts but in the whole region. 相似文献
52.
Lu Lin 《Statistical Papers》2004,45(4):529-544
The quasi-score function, as defined by Wedderburn (1974) and McCullagh (1983) and so on, is a linear function of observations.
The generalized quasi-score function introduced in this paper is a linear function of some unbiased basis functions, where
the unbiased basis functions may be some linear functions of the observations or not, and can be easily constructed by the
meaning of the parameters such as mean and median and so on. The generalized quasi-likelihood estimate obtained by such a
generalized quasi-score function is consistent and has an asymptotically normal distribution. As a result, the optimum generalized
quasi-score is obtained and a method to construct the optimum unbiased basis function is introduced. In order to construct
the potential function, a conservative generalized estimating function is defined. By conservative, a potential function for
the projected score has many properties of a log-likelihood function. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the theoretical
results.
This paper is supported by NNSF project (10371059) of China and Youth Teacher Foundation of Nankai University. 相似文献
53.
Starting with its early twentieth century origins, the development of Labor Economics is traced to the present. We describe
an intellectual revolution in which an earlier tra-dition that focused primarily on the institution of the labor union has
been replaced by a perspective that emphasizes the various roles played by labor markets in an eco-nomic system. That earlier
tradition contained very significant ideological elements, whereas its successor deals much more with the world of ideas.
In the course of the debate, which still continues, ideas triumphed over ideology and created modern Labor Economics. 相似文献
54.
Mr. Patrick J. Morrissette M.S.ED. 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》1994,11(3):235-246
This paper proposes a developmental framework for foster parents and outlines four distinct growth stages. Such a framework can be of value to program administrators who are required to assess foster parent development during the crucial matching process. To draw a distinction between each developmental stage, specific instrumental tasks and indicators are outlined. 相似文献
55.
Jennifer S. Silk Amanda S. Morris Tomoe Kanaya Laurence Steinberg 《Journal of research on adolescence》2003,13(1):113-128
This article explores the relationship between parental psychological control and parental autonomy granting, and the relations between these constructs and indicators of adolescent psychosocial functioning, in a sample of 9,564 adolescents from grades 9 to 12. Participants completed a comprehensive parenting questionnaire as well as several measures of psychosocial adjustment. Confirmatory factor analyses of the parenting items revealed discrete factors for psychological control and autonomy granting, suggesting that these are distinct parenting constructs rather than opposite ends of a parental control continuum. Moreover, structural equation modeling showed that these factors were weakly correlated and differentially related to adolescent internalizing symptoms. Findings have implications for future conceptualization and measurement of psychological control and autonomy granting, and for research examining their effects on adolescent development. 相似文献
56.
57.
We show that Bayesian ex post aggregation is unstable with respect to refinements. Suppose a group of Bayesians use ex post
aggregation. Since it is a joint problem, each agent's problem is captured by the same model, but probabilities and utilities
may vary. If they analyze the same situation in more detail, their refined analysis should preserve their preferences among
acts. However, ex post aggregation could bring about a preference reversal on the group level. Ex post aggregation thus depends
on how much information is used and may keep oscillating (“flipping”) as one keeps adding more information.
Received: 16 April 2002/Accepted: 27 May 2002 相似文献
58.
Koji Takamiya 《Social Choice and Welfare》2003,20(1):77-83
In a general model of indivisible good allocation, S?nmez (1999) established that, whenever the core is nonempty for each
preference profile, if an allocation rule is strategy-proof, individually rational and Pareto optimal, then the rule is a
selection from the core correspondence, and the core correspondence must be essentially single-valued. This paper studies
the converse claim of this result. I demonstrate that whenever the preference domain satisfies a certain condition of `richness',
if the core correspondence is essentially single-valued, then any selection from the core correspondence is strategy-proof
(even weakly coalition strategy-proof, in fact). In particular, on the domain of preferences in which each individual has
strict preferences over his own assignments and there is no consumption externality, such an allocation rule is coalition
strategy-proof. And on this domain, coalition strategy-proofness is equivalent to Maskin monotonicity, an important property
in implementation theory.
Received: 22 February 2000/Accepted: 22 January 2002
I am grateful to Ryo-ichi Nagahisa, Shinji Ohseto, Hiroshi Ono, Tomoichi Shinotsuka and Shigehiro Serizawa for valuable comments.
And I am indebted to two anonymous referees for useful suggestions. Especially, I owe the present proof of Lemma 2 to one
referee. I also thank Yukihiko Funaki, Atsushi Kajii, Mamoru Kaneko, Eiichi Miyagawa, Tatsuyoshi Saijo, Manimay Sengupta,
Yves Sprumont, Yoshikatsu Tatamitani, Manabu Toda, Takashi Ui, Takehiko Yamato, Naoki Yoshihara and the participants of the
seminars in Hokkaido University, Kansai University, ISER (Osaka University), Otaru University of Commerce and Tsukuba University.
All errors are my own responsiblity. 相似文献
59.
Summary Based on 14 case studies of highly effective therapies and the reasons they succeeded less frequently than they could, we
propose a variety of steps to improve the health care system of the U.S.A. Whatever proposal emerges from current national
debates until innovations are shown to be safe and effective, they should not be supported; when slightly better technologies
are much more expensive than other good ones we need to consider appropriate choices carefully; simplified billing and bookkeping
would reduce our costs; when a technology is rapidly introduced cautionnary measures may be needed; tracking immunization
and repairing their omissions requires a new system; educational programs such as seen effective in hypertension should be
applied in other areas such as vaccination; in organ transplantation the nation should consider “presumed consent”; our payment
system sometimes creates perverse incentives and therefore needs review; and the preferences of the public in allocation of
health resources need to be discovered once the public is informed about the issues.
Research supported by Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. 相似文献
60.